scholarly journals The Wizards of Svalöf

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysa Morfi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
History Of

This paper reviews the most prominent changes that have taken place in the plant breeding industry in Sweden. We argue that the establishment of Intellectual Property Rights schemes creates power asymmetry in the seed value chain and has therefore been a major driver of consolidation in Sweden and internationally. Furthermore, we provide an assessment of the use of cultivars bred domestically. This has been achieved by identifying and classifying the variety owners for major crops based on the origin of the breeding station and calculating the percentage of the domestically-bred varieties used in crop production. The ratio of local varieties in relation to imported varieties is of special significance to Sweden, which has a long history of plant breeding and a challenging climate.

Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1944-1965
Author(s):  
Mercedes Campi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Open Debate

As a contribution to the open debate regarding the effect of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on innovation, this chapter postulates that the adoption of strong IPRs is not a necessary condition to foster innovation in the plant breeding industry. The chapter studies the evolution of the soybean breeding industry in the US and Argentina and shows that regardless the level of intellectual property protection, if there is an attractive and profitable market, firms may search for different appropriability strategies rather than changing their innovative behavior. The chapter finds that the growth rates of new soybean varieties are similar in both countries and the adoption rate is faster in Argentina where the IPRs system is weaker.

How the introduction of late season sweet cherry cultivars and changing demand conditions impacted industry competitiveness: Evidence from British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Richard Carew ◽  
Norman E Looney
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

This paper discusses the importance of government research and innovation policies designed to reflect changing demand conditions and strengthen competitiveness of the British Columbia (BC) sweet cherry industry. Canadian plant breeding programs have responded to market demand by releasing cultivars that have extended the marketing season and resulted in higher export price premiums earned in European and Asian markets. Stronger Canadian intellectual property rights (IPR) legislation has facilitated the commercialization of a range of cultivars with valuable attributes. However, the combination of Canada being a net importer of sweet cherries and the rapid adoption of BC cultivars by Washington State orchardists has challenged Canadian policy makers to implement IPR policies that can contribute to maximizing royalty returns and sustain the Canadian plant breeding program. Key words: Sweet cherry cultivars, plant breeding, intellectual property rights

scholarly journals Protecting Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Critical Look at Peru's Law 27811

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Michelle Hak Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protecting Intellectual Property ◽  
San Martín

The Peruvian government's Law N. 27811, an intellectual property law passed in 2002 and designed to register and protect traditional knowledge, provides productive opportunities for critical analysis. Framed within the trajectory of international intellectual property rights and discussions that complicate the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) into Cartesian scientific frameworks, this paper critically examines how the Peruvian law has been implemented and its impacts in Indigenous communities, particularly in the Andean Amazon region. The analysis is based on the author's work assisting Indigenous communities in San Martin register their knowledge through this law. While the law represents an advanced legal attempt to address power inequalities, it remains problematic. It does not address the impoverishment of Indigenous Peoples and continues to subordinate Indigenous TEK to Cartesian science. Although it is a symbolic recognition of the value of Peruvian Indigenous Peoples, other mechanisms are still required to redress the long history of colonization and racism.

Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights

2016 ◽  
pp. 334-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Campi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Open Debate

As a contribution to the open debate regarding the effect of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) on innovation, this chapter postulates that the adoption of strong IPRs is not a necessary condition to foster innovation in the plant breeding industry. The chapter studies the evolution of the soybean breeding industry in the US and Argentina and shows that regardless the level of intellectual property protection, if there is an attractive and profitable market, firms may search for different appropriability strategies rather than changing their innovative behavior. The chapter finds that the growth rates of new soybean varieties are similar in both countries and the adoption rate is faster in Argentina where the IPRs system is weaker.

scholarly journals Ways to eliminate inflections in teaching disciplines of intellectual property

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Polytechnic Institute ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technical Creativity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

The history of introduction of disciplines devoted to the methodology of scientific and technical creativity, acquisition, protection, protection and commercialization of intellectual property rights in the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (KPI) is presented chronologically. The positive and negative consequences of teaching disciplines in intellectual property and patent science are analyzed. Emphasis was placed on a strategic mistake when two disciplines (one legal, the other integrated engineering creative direction) merged into one and two teachers of two different departments of KPI began to teach.

Contextualizing the Disagreement of Intellectual Property Rights and Open Innovation Systems in Realizing the Goal of Innovation Society in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Sabuj Kumar Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Creative Endeavor

Innovation has always been the creative endeavor throughout the history of human civilization. With the inception of intellectual property rights (IPR) to protect the innovations almost 500 years back, the free flow of knowledge was obstructed, and further advancement of knowledge is somehow stunted. Emerging open innovation system with the sharing of knowledge beyond geographical boundaries has opened a new door to many possibilities. India, with her vast pool of scientists and engineers, can become an innovation society with a judicious combination of IP and open innovation systems. This chapter seeks to contextualize the trajectory evolves due to philosophical conflict that arises among intellectual property rights (IPR), open innovation systems, innovation society formation in India. It inquires to find a realistic sustainable path.

Content, digitisation and intellectual property rights: an institutional perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Matthew Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Practices

Cultural institutions the world over share certain key characteristics: the care of the items in their collection, the means of enabling access to these items, and the task of sustaining their ability to do both of these things. In the past decade, digitisation and supply of digital content has become increasingly important for museums and galleries wanting to disseminate their content to a global audience. What processes are involved in doing this, and how have they impacted on organisations and their working practices? What role do intellectual property rights play in this, and what are the associated challenges and opportunities in this area? This article will present the perspective of the National Portrait Gallery, London, investigating the history of its digitisation activities and its ongoing commitment to access and responsible IPR management through Picture Library licensing and image management activities.

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