Communicating vein between the right external and internal jugular veins: a case report

The external jugular vein is a superficial vein that has a relatively diagonal to vertical course in the neck region and runs superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein and it is responsible for draining most of the scalp and face as well. Sound knowledge of variations of the external jugular veins and the internal jugular veins, is important as these veins are used or targeted in specific medical procedures such as external jugular vein cannulation or radical neck dissection, respectively. During routine postgraduate dissection of the neck region in a 58-year-old female cadaver, the right external jugular vein was seen communicating with the right internal jugular vein via a communicating vein. The communicating vein was located approximately at the lower border of the thyroid cartilage and the upper border of the cricoid cartilage. A thorough understanding of anatomical variations is important in various medical disciplines and more specifically to anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This case report does not solely aim to increase awareness regarding variations of the jugular veins that can be possibly encountered during a neck endovascular procedure, but also contribute to the identification of the prevalence rate of this variation.

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External jugular vein: clinical significance of variations in formation and course: a case report

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401603 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 05 (03) ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

Raviprasanna KH ◽

Aditya Krishna Das

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Cephalic Vein ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

The Right

AbstractKnowledge of varying patterns of formation and termination of external jugular vein is not only important for anatomists but also for surgeons operating at this level and interventional radiologists who perform transjugular procedures. Two different variations related to formation and communications of external jugular vein were observed during routine dissection for the first MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulum in two different cadavers. The external jugular vein had a communicating channel with cephalic vein which traversed superficial to the clavicle on right side and in second cadaver the right external jugular vein was formed by union of undivided retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein. Knowing the venous patterns in neck region is of paramount importance in order to avoid unnecessary bleeding during surgical procedures.

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MULTIPLE VARIATIONS OF THE SUPERFICIAL JUGULAR VEINS: CASE REPORT AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2014.7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George Paraskevas ◽

Konstantinos Natsis ◽

Orestis Ioannidis ◽

Panagiotis Kitsoulis ◽

Nikolaos Anastasopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Venous Drainage ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Venous System ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

The Right ◽

Internal Jugular Veins

The jugular venous system constitutes the primary venous drainage of the head and neck. It includes a profundus or subfascial venous system, formed by the two internal jugular veins, and a superficial or subcutaneous one, formed by the two anterior and two external jugular veins. We report one case of unilateral anatomical variations of the external and anterior jugular veins. Particularly, on the right side, three external jugular veins co-existed with two anterior jugular veins. Such a combination of venous anomalies is extremely rare. The awareness of the variability of these veins is essential to anesthesiologists and radiologists, since the external jugular vein constitutes a common route for catheterization. Their knowledge is also important to surgeons performing head and neck surgery.

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Duplication of internal jugular veins: case report

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109990855 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 341-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B Y W Wong ◽

D R Strachan ◽

E L Loney

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Conservative Approach ◽

Current Case ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Anatomical Finding ◽

Internal Jugular Veins

AbstractObjectives:We report a rare case of internal jugular vein duplications, in order to raise the level of awareness of this anomaly amongst ENT surgeons, radiologists and intensive care practitioners. We briefly review and discuss the related literature.Case report:Duplicated internal jugular veins are a rare anatomical finding. They may be subclinical, or may present with neck swellings that may be mistaken for laryngocoeles or branchial cysts. We present a case of bilateral internal jugular vein duplication in a young adult. The referral was made on the basis of intermittent neck swelling, dyspnoea and dysphagia. Conservative treatment was instigated, and symptoms improved without surgical intervention.Conclusions:Only a handful of cases of duplicated internal jugular veins have been reported. The current case is unique, as no previously reported cases have presented with dyspnoea and dysphagia. We suggest a conservative approach, as there is currently no evidence that duplicated internal jugular veins cause any adverse health outcomes.

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Internal jugular vein reconstruction: application of conventional type A and novel type K methods

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215110003038 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 125 (6) ◽

pp. 643-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K Kamizono ◽

M Ejima ◽

M Taura ◽

M Masuda

Keyword(s):

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Type A ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Reconstruction Procedure ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Type K ◽

Conventional Type ◽

Internal Jugular Veins ◽

Fatal Complications

AbstractBackground:During neck dissection, the current practice is to preserve the internal jugular vein in the majority of cases. However, sacrifice of bilateral internal jugular veins is required in rare cases. Simultaneous excision of both internal jugular veins is known to frequently cause fatal complications. Even if staged, bilateral internal jugular vein sacrifice still occasionally leads to fatal complications (in 2 per cent). We report two different methods of unilateral internal jugular vein reconstruction, in two cases requiring excision of bilateral internal jugular veins, and we review the significance of this reconstruction procedure.Method:The first patient underwent conventional type A reconstruction (using Katsuno's classification): end-to-end anastomosis of the internal jugular vein to the external jugular vein. For the second patient, we anastomosed the internal jugular vein to the anterior jugular vein, preserving the flow of the external jugular vein. This method, termed type K, had two main expected benefits: facial drainage via the preserved external jugular vein; and provision of a built-in safeguard in the case of occlusion (via the preserved venous networks between the internal jugular vein and the external jugular vein, e.g. the facial vein).Results:In both cases, the reconstructed internal jugular vein was patent and the post-operative course was uneventful, with no severe complications.Conclusion:The current and previous findings strongly indicate that the reconstruction of at least one internal jugular vein is highly recommended for patients requiring bilateral internal jugular vein sacrifice. Our type K method may represent a useful technique for this procedure.

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Facial Vein Variation: A Cadaveric Study

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2547 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Head And Neck Region ◽

Facial Vein ◽

Variable Distance ◽

The Right ◽

The University

Background: The veins of the head and neck have a complex developmental pattern which predisposes them to variations in formation and drainage. Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilized for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Aims: The aim of the present study was to describe anatomical variation and determined the position of the facial vein in relation to neighboring structures. Methods and Findings: Head and neck region were carefully dissected as per standard dissection procedure, studied serially during the years 2013-2017 in 16 males and 2 females, i.e. 36 sides, embalmed adults cadavers with different age group, in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. In 34 sides (94.5 %) of the cases the facial vein (FV) terminated into the internal jugular vein via the common facial vein (CFV) as per standard anatomic description. The facial vein on two sides (5.5 %) was found to drain into the external jugular vein with different degree of angulations and variable distance from the angle of the mandible. On the right side, the facial vein was draining into external jugular vein (EJV), 63.6 mm below the angle of the mandible. On the left side, the facial vein was draining into EJV, 42.4 mm below the angle of the mandible. The length of the neck was 137.8 mm. The mean distance of the superior and inferior labial veins, deep facial vein, and angular vein from the inferior orbital margin was 41.89 ± 3.01, 52.31 ± 3.72, 26.85 ± 3.55 and 6.25 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Conclusion: A sound knowledge on variation of the course and termination of facial vein is very useful for oral and maxillofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, otorrhinologists and radiologists, is essentially important in the clinical examination and surgical procedures of the head and neck region.

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Multiple variations of superficial and deep veins in the neck region of a cadaver: a case report

Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ◽

10.2399/ana.20.753013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 150-155

Author(s):

Nilgün Tuncel Çini ◽

Nazan Güner Sak ◽

Senem Turan Özdemir ◽

İlknur Arı

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Brachiocephalic Vein ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Communicating Branch ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right

Multiple variations on the right side of the neck of a 65-year-old male cadaver were observed during a routine dissection. The cadaver had no sign of facial trauma or previous surgery. The facial vein had a communicating branch with the internal jugular vein and distally drained into the jugulo-subclavian confluence via a common trunk with external jugular vein. Other superficial veins of the neck drained into the brachiocephalic vein separately. On the contrary, no anatomical variation was observed on the left side. Even if the variations of the head and neck are common, more than one variation in a single cadaver unilaterally is remarkable. We suggest that it is important for surgeons to examine the patients with ultrasound before any clinical interventions on the neck to determine the possible variations beforehand.

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Aplasia of the superior vena cava and persistent superior left vena cava in a 3-year-old child: Case report

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.17816/psaic940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Vladimir V. Lazarev ◽

Tatiana V. Linkova ◽

Pavel M. Negoda ◽

Anastasiya Yu. Shutkova ◽

Sergey V. Gorelikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Vascular System ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

X Ray ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND: Structural features of the patients vascular system can cause unintended complications when providing vascular access and can disorient the specialist in assessing the location of the installed catheter. This study aimed to demonstrate anatomical features of the vascular system of the superior vena cava and diagnostic steps when providing vascular access in a child. CASE REPORT: Patient K (3 years old) was on planned maintenance of long-term venous access. Preliminary ultrasound examination of the superior vena cava did not reveal any abnormalities. Function of the right internal jugular vein under ultrasound control was performed without technical difficulties; a J-formed guidewire was inserted into the vessel lumen. X-ray control revealed its projection in the left heart, which was regarded as a technical complication, so the conductor was removed. A further attempt to insert a catheter through the right subclavian vein led to the same result. For a more accurate diagnosis, the child underwent computed angiography of the superior vena cava system. Congenital anomalies of the vascular system included aplasia of the superior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava. Considering the information obtained, the Broviac catheter was implanted under ultrasound control through the left internal jugular vein without technical difficulties with the installation of the distal end of the catheter into the left brachiocephalic vein under X-ray control. CONCLUSION: A thorough multifaceted study of the vascular anatomy helps solve the anatomical issues by ensuring vascular access and preventing the risks of complications.

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