scholarly journals River Bank Erosion, Induced Population Migration and Adaptation Strategies in the Sirajganj Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Md. Rayha Ali ◽  
Zihad Ahmed ◽  
AHM Hedayutul Islam ◽  
Md. Mizanoor Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
Mapping Analysis

Riverbank erosion, a regular natural phenomenon in the lower confluence deltaic country like Bangladesh. Among the natural disaster effecting Bangladesh each year, river bank erosion is the most vulnerable in term of effected people and loss of assets. As a riverine country there are huge number of rivers and their tributaries and distributaries criss-crossed over the country, but the mighty three rivers like the Padma, Jamuna and Meghna are mostly known for the erosional characteristics. River bank erosion possesses as a significant, endemic and recurrent natural disaster in Bangladesh by these rivers. This research is designed to explore the erosional pattern of the river Jamuna and its impact on population migration and the adaptation strategy of the migrants. For the study primary data were collected from the study area through questionnaire survey, FGD and mapping analysis while secondary data were collected from published and unpublished reports of different offices such as land office, union parisad office, census report, BBS, WDB etc. However, to analyze the trend of erosion mapping analysis was conducted through ArcGIS 10.3 and for statistical analysis SPSS software was used. The research findings indicate that the Jamuna is a highly dynamic river in term of erosion. Due to its severity and dynamic erosional pattern possess mass number of people to be displaced by losing settlements and agricultural land. River bank erosion of Jamuna River invites many obligatory problems at different stages of displacements like loss of residence, household assets, agricultural land etc. Though it pushes the victims to readjust all their activities associated to livelihood pattern as an adaptation strategy with a newer socio-environmental situation, but very often becomes unable to recover the damage even spending considerable time. From this point of view, river bank erosion needs to be considered as a unique disaster and give attention to take comprehensive riverbank erosion management policy, so that problem can be minimized to a tiny scale.

scholarly journals Impact of River Bank Erosion on Mental Health and Coping Capacity in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jamiun Naher ◽  
Tanjir Rashid Soron
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
River Erosion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Coping

AbstractObjectivesRiverbank erosion is a regular phenomenon that displaces millions of people every year worldwide. More than 100,000 people are displaced due to river erosion every year in Bangladesh. People have to resettle in a different place leaving behind their property and familiar environment. This transformation with economic crisis acts as a major stressor for the persons and their families. However, people may adapt different strategies to adapt this difficult situation and keep themselves healthy. They might have higher coping skills due to what they had to endure. This study aimed to find out the difference in the mental health status and coping strategies among the river bank erosion affected and non-affected people in BangladeshMethodsWe interviewed 100 adult respondents, of whom 50 had been affected and 50 had never been affected by river erosion in Bangladesh. All the participants completed self-report sociodemographic questionnaires; their mental state was evaluated with the Bangla version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the coping was measured using the COPE scale.ResultThe mental health well-being score of the affected group was significantly lower than the non-affected group. However, accounting for gender, income and age, the affected group had lower mean score in coping (55.86) then the non-affected group (64.04). However, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsRiverbank erosion is a major natural disaster in Bangladesh that makes people vulnerable to mental disorder. However, it receives less attention; we hope this study will stimulate future researcher to explore mental state and coping mechanism in multiple perspectives and develop evidence-based service for them.

scholarly journals Riverbank Erosion and Migration, Inter-linkage: With Special Focus on Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpal Dekaraja ◽  
Ratul Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Industrial Worker ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Riverbank Erosion ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Background: River-bank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost large plots of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. To examine the linkage, information collected from government published source ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results: Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. MGI and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, NGI (Natural Growth Index) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicate the opposite relation between first and fourth factor.Conclusion: The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because farmers mostly inhabited in floodplain areas.

Modelling river bank erosion using a 2D depth-averaged numerical model of flow and non-cohesive, non-uniform sediment transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal El Kadi Abderrezzak ◽  
Andrés Die Moran ◽  
Pablo Tassi ◽  
Riadh Ata ◽  
Jean-Michel Hervouet
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion

A review on share of river bank erosion to the total sediment load with increasing catchment size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Michael Rode
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Load ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Total Sediment

<p>Information on the share of river bank erosion to the total sediment load at catchment scale by using the fingerprinting approach is important to address our knowledge of erosion processes to better target soil erosion control measures. In particular, river bank erosion is affected by many factors such as spatial and temporal variables and is difficult to quantify the relationship of the share of bank erosion to catchment size and upland erosion rate without extensive fieldwork and data analysis. Potential tracers including geochemical, fallout radionuclides, bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes, and magnetic properties have been used, often in combination with sediment source apportionment. In this worldwide review, the global dataset for percent share of river bank and surface erosion using fingerprinting approach was collected to establish the significance of catchment size and other physical controls on river bank erosion. Google Scholar and Web of Science were used to review research articles that included river bank/subsurface as one of the sediment sources in the study areas. This database showed that the UK (n = 84), USA (n = 14) and Brazil (n = 10) had the highest number of catchments, followed by Iran (n = 4), Southern Zambia (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), Spain (n = 1), Mongolia (n = 1) and Burkina Faso (n = 1) ranging in size from 0.31 to 15000 km<sup>2</sup>, predominately agriculture. Based on published studies, there is a clear shift of sediment sources from surface erosion to river bank erosion with increasing catchment size. The results show the wide range of relative contributions of surface and river bank sources to the catchment sediment yield around the globe. There are a number of catchments with river bank contribution exceeding 25% and surface contribution exceeding 90% of total sediment loss. This diversity highlights the many factors that influence river bank erosion. In addition to the wide range, sediment source contribution in the range 1-25% from river bank is generally representative around the World. We recommend that long term monitoring of sediment load and surface and river bank sources at nested sites within a catchment are indispensable. Furthermore, limited information on the share of sources often makes it difficult to target mitigation measures reducing sediment loads at the catchment scale.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Sediment load, catchment size, fingerprinting approach, river bank share</p>

scholarly journals Mapping and Monitoring Erosion-Accretion in an Alluvial River Using Satellite Imagery – The River Bank Changes of the Padma River in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maruf Billah
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bank Erosion ◽  
Island Area ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Padma River ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
The Right

Abstract The Padma river is widely known for its dynamic and disastrous behaviour, and the river has been experiencing intense and frequent bank erosion and deposition leading to the changes and shifting of bank line. In this paper, a time series of Landsat satellite imagery MSS, TM and OLI and TIRS images and are used to detect river bank erosion-accretion and bank line shifting during the study period 1975–2015. This study exhibits a drastic increase of erosion and accretion of land along the Padma river. The results show that from 1975 to 2015, the total amount of river bank erosion is 49,951 ha of land, at a rate of 1,249 ha a−1 and the total amount of accretion is 83,333 ha of land, at a rate of 2,083 ha a−1. Throughout the monitoring period, erosion-accretion was more pronounced in the right part of the river and bank line had been shifting towards the southern direction. The paper also reveals that the total area of islands had been increased significantly, in 2015 there was about 50,967 ha of island area increased from 20,533 ha of island area in 1975, and the results evidence consistency of sedimentation in the river bed.

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