PERFORMANCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES ON NEOLEUCINODES ELEGANTALIS (GUENÉE) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
ALIXELHE PACHECO DAMASCENA ◽  
Débora Melo Ferreira Fragoso ◽  
José Romário De Carvalho ◽  
Amanda Carlos Túler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

The use of entomopathogenic nematodes in pest management is an alternative to reduce the yield and/or damage losses caused by pests in several crops. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of Heterorhabditis indica (Nemata: Rhabditida) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Nemata: Rhabditida), in pre-pupae of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and determine the temporal viability of the pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae applied to soil. The nematode species were diluted in distilled water to 50, 65, 83, 107, 138, 178, 229, 295, 380 and 500 infective juveniles per pre-pupae (IJs insect-1) of N. elegantalis.  The mortality of pre-pupa of N. elegantalis was higher as the concentrations of both studied species increased. The nematode S. carpocapsae was the most effective, causing mortality of 82.93% in the concentration of 65 IJs insect-1 and an LC50 of 24.32 IJs insect-1. In the pathogenicity test, S. carpocapsae was applied in the concentration of 100 JI/cm² in pots previously planted with tomato seedlings. As positive control was used tomato seedlings treated with distilled water. S. carpocapse presented soil viability of 24 days. Thus, S. carpocapsae can be an important tool in the integrated pest management (IPM) of N. elegantalis.

Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with fipronil

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. García del Pino ◽  
M. Jové
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Management Option

AbstractThe survival and infectivity of infective juveniles (IJs) of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, S. arenarium (Artyukhovsky) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), were determined after exposure to different concentrations (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) of fipronil, an insecticide acting on the GABA receptors to block the chloride channel. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was very tolerant to all concentrations of fipronil, with the highest mortality of 17% being observed at 2000 ppm of fipronil after 72 h exposure. Steinernema carpocapsae showed a similar response, with the highest mortality of 11.25% of IJs being observed after 72 h exposure to 2000 ppm of fipronil. Steinernema arenarium was, however, more sensitive to fipronil, and at 2000 ppm mortality rates of 94.6% and 100% were observed after 24 and 72 h, respectively. Fipronil had negligible effects on the infectivity of the three nematode species tested. The IJs which survive exposure to all concentrations of fipronil tested can infect and reproduce in Galleria larvae. The moderate effects on entomopathogenic nematodes of a lower fipronil concentration (250 ppm) and the field rates (12–60 ppm) of fipronil used as insecticide, suggest that direct mixing of entomopathogenic nematodes and fipronil at field rates is a viable integrated pest management option.

Virulence of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), to nymphs of the coffee cicada Dundubia nagarasingna

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau N. Nguyen ◽  
Anh T. Do ◽  
Phap Q. Trinh ◽  
Phuc K. Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Inoculation Dose ◽  
Pot Trial

Summary The virulence and efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), against nymphs of the coffee cicada, Dundubia nagarasingna, was evaluated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The highest mortality rates of coffee cicada nymphs caused by these two nematode strains were 93.5 and 100%, respectively, at an inoculation dose of 600 infective juveniles (IJ) nymph−1. The virulence (LC50) was established as 137.5 IJ and 149.1 IJ for strains S-PQ16 and H-KT3987, respectively. The highest IJ yields of these nematode strains were 66 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16) and 134.4 × 103 IJ (for H-KT3987) at a dose of 500 IJ nymph−1. The efficacies of the two nematode strains to coffee cicadas at treated dose of 60 × 103 IJ pot−1 were 84.4 and 88.9% after 30 days, higher than the efficacies at treated dose of 40 × 103 IJ pot−1. The number of IJ in 250 ml of soil at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment, increased from 0.38 × 103 to 4.80 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 40 × 103 IJ and from 0.66 × 103 to 5.02 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 60 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16). Similarly, for H-KT3987 the number of IJ increased from 0.43 × 103 to 8.99 × 103 IJ and from 0.62 × 103 to 9.64 × 103 IJ, at the respective doses. Based on results of a pot trial from glasshouse modelling, an IJ application dosage for biological control of coffee cicada nymphs in coffee plantations was proposed.

Entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) spatial distribution in turfgrass

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Campbell ◽  
E. Lewis ◽  
F. Yoder ◽  
R. Gaugler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution

SUMMARYUnderstanding the temporal and spatial distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes is essential for determining the role of these insect parasites in soil communities and ultimately for their use in suppression of pest insect populations. We measured the vertical and horizontal distribution of endemic populations of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophord) in turfgrass. Vertical distribution was determined by taking soil cores every 3 h from 05.00 to 23.00 h, over 4 days, and dividing the cores into 8, 1 cm deep sections. Steinernema carpocapsae was recovered primarily near the soil surface: 50% of positive sections were recovered in the thatch or first 1 cm of soil. S. carpocapsae recovery was lower during the middle of the day and none were recovered in the upper section. H. bacteriophora was recovered uniformly throughout the top 8 cm of soil and its vertical distribution did not change over the course of the day. Horizontal distribution was measured as the number of nematodes recovered from cores taken from 12 randomly selected 0·3 × 0·8 m sections from within four 15·3 × 15·3 m plots. Samples were collected biweekly over a 9-month period. H. bacteriophora had a patchier distribution than S. carpocapsae and both nematode species had more patchy distributions then their potential hosts. Our results support the hypothesis that these two species of nematode utilize different foraging strategies; S. carpocapsae primarily a surface adapted ambusher and H. bacteriophora as a cruise forager.

Efficacy of indigenous Steinernema abbasi and Heterorhabditis indica isolates as potential biocontrol agent against Holotrichia consanguinea Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Patil ◽  
Vijayakumar Rangasamy ◽  
Abraham Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Holotrichia consanguinea is a serious pest of peanut and sugarcane that attacks other commercial crops in India. The efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), Steinernema abbasi and Heterorhabditis indica, against H. consanguinea was tested under laboratory and field conditions. In a laboratory assay, H. indica caused significantly greater mortality (25-100%) than S. abbasi (20-80%) against second instars and H. indica caused 17.5-82.5% mortality in third-instar grub larvae, while S. abbasi caused (10-60%) mortality. These results revealed that second-instar grubs were more susceptible than third-instar grubs and efficacy of EPN against H. consanguinea varies with nematode species. The penetration and multiplication rate for H. indica was significantly higher than those of S. abbasi. Infective juveniles (IJ) of both nematode species and a commonly used insecticide (phorate) were tested against this insect in a field experiment. Field trail data showed that the percentage reduction in H. consanguinea grub population was significantly higher using H. indica at a dose of 2.5 × 109 IJ ha−1 than S. abbasi and phorate application. Phorate application was more efficient in reducing the grub population than both nematode species at the lower application rate (1.25 × 109 IJ ha−1). Overall, these experiments suggest that H. indica may be a promising biocontrol agent against H. consanguinea.

scholarly journals Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nxitywa ◽  
A.P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chemical Residues

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites that are used successfully as biological controlagents against key pest insects of grapevine. To achieve low chemical residues and the sustainableproduction of grapes, it is important that biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodesfor the control of grapevine insect pests be incorporated in an integrated pest management system forgrape production. However, the commercialisation and large-scale use of EPNs is limited by their shortshelf life in formulations and in storage, thus leading to poor quality and reduced efficacy against insectsin the field. In South Africa, interest in the use of EPNs within an integrated pest management system hasgrown over the past two decades, therefore developing a formulation technique with an acceptable storagesurvival period, while maintaining infectivity, is essential. Moreover, the successful control of insects usingEPNs is only achievable when the formulated product reaches the end user in good condition. This reviewis focused on the different types of formulations required for storage and ease of transport, together withthe application formulation for above-ground pests and the factors affecting them. The quality assessment,storage and handling of formulated EPNs are also discussed.

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