Reasons for the Onset of the Uniat Clergy’s Movement Towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the Beginning of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 293-317
Author(s):  
Protopriest Alexander Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Latin Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Church Service ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article studies the system of pre-conditions that caused the onset of the uniat clergy’s movement towards Orthodoxy in the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 19th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the tendency of the uniat clergy going back to Orthodoxy was the result of certain historic conditions, such as: 1) constant changes in the government policy during the reign of Emperor Pavel I and Emperor Alexander I; 2) increasing latinization of the uniat church service after 1797 and Latin proselytism that were the result of the distrust of the uniats on the part of Roman curia and representatives of Polish Catholic Church of Latin church service; 3) ecclesiastical contradictions made at the Brest Church Union conclusion; 4) division of the uniat clergy into discordant groups and the increase of their opposition to each other on the issue of latinization in the first decades of the 19th century. The combination of those conditions was a unique phenomenon that never repeated itself anywhere.

scholarly journals Arkistotoimen organisointi Suomen senaatissa kaksi vuosisataa sitten

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eljas Orrman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy

The paper deals with the organization of records and archives management in the middle of 1810s at the Senate, i. e. the supreme administrative board of the Grand Duchy of Finland, belonging to the Russian Empire. Also the reasons why the creation of the position of an archivist at the Senate was proposed by the Senate to the Emperor-Grand Duke Alexander I are dealt with. Likewise the administrative process resulting in the appointment of the first archivist is described. The new position of archivist at the Senate formed the embryo of the National Archives of Finland in our days. The international, especially Swedish and Russian background, to the establishment of this position is also described. It becomes evident why the new position got the title “archivist” (in Swedish: arkivarie), not “actuary” (in Swedish: aktuarie). In the Russian administration an archivist was responsible for the preservation of noncurrent and semi-current records but in the Swedish administration this title was very seldom used in the beginning of the 19th century. There actuaries were in charge of the preservation of noncurrent and semi-current records.

scholarly journals Zawarcie małżeństwa mieszanego wyznaniowo według prawa małżeńskiego z 1836 roku

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-247
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Fastyn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Civil Marriage ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The thesis discusses the signifi cant question of inter-denominational marriages in Poland prior to 1946. Until the end of 1945, the laws in force in Poland were the 19th-century statutes. They had been enacted by the neighbouring countries (Austria, Russia and Prussia) that partitioned the Polish territory in the second half of the 18th century. In the Polish lands enjoying some autonomy in the Russian Empire, the regulation of marriage was based on the religious principles of 1836. Under the 1836 statute, there could be no civil marriage that would not produce a confessional effect. Consequently, the regulation of marriage had to combine confessional and civil effects into single norms and the legislative authorities had to provide for mechanisms correlating such effects. This applied to both the conclusion and dissolution of marriage. In these matters, the Roman Catholic Church adopted an uncompromising stance following from its belief in the special theological character of the sacrament of marriage.

scholarly journals Formation of a New System of Taxation of the Beer Production in Russia in the second half of the 19th century (on the example of “The Provision on drinkable collecting” 1861)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Lyubov’ I. Vyazovchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction. It is possible to call a problem of replenishment of the government budget classical and universal: it is inherent for any country during any chronological period. It was inherent also for the Russian Empire. Transformations in the sphere of indirect taxation on alcoholic products, including beer were one of opportunities to increase profitability of treasury. In 1861 “The Provision on drinkable collecting” which created the harmonious system of taxation of alcoholic products and which, with insignificant adjustments, will exist up to introduction of wine monopoly at the very end of the 19th century. Separate articles in this document were devoted to taxation of beer production: from the statement feeder of the beer producer, divisions of provinces according to classes, before penal functions, in case of violation of the law. Methods. The solution of research tasks was provided with a complex complementary theoretical (the analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (studying and generalization of sources, hermeneutical) methods. Results. “The Provision on drinkable collecting” created 1861 quite effective control system and taxation of alcoholic production. Situation was applied practically in all territory of the Russian Empire, for its realization special fiscal bodies – Excise managements were created. The algorithm of actions for producers was created: filing of application about the beginning and plant operation term, inspection by officials of Excise management of production and a typo of tubs, adjustment of quantity of jams, tax payment. Conclusion. Entered in 1861. “The Provision…” and the created system of taxation and controlled situation to growth of receipts from production of alcohol in general and beer in particular that was very favorable to the state.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

“BULYGINSKAYA DUMA”. AGENCY WITHOUT POWER OR POWER OF AGENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Novoselskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article considers the attitude of representatives of the top bureaucracy to the draft of the State Duma, developed by a Special Council chaired by the Minister of the Interior A.G. Bulygin in 1905. Particular attention is paid to the high officials assessments of the dignitaries of the place and role of the Duma in the system of state administration of the Russian Empire, the arguments that officials cited in favor of its convocation. It analyzes intellectual context of the emergence of the “bulyginskaya duma” (“Bulygin Duma”) project is analyzed, which largely determined the breadth of the actual, not declared powers of the people’s agency. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of state institutions, as well as materials from the personal funds of officials and public figures. The article shows that, despite the legislative nature of the Duma, it had to have significant powers. The electoral system, which was proposed and defended by the high officials, was originally modeled in such a way as to avoid the triumph of the estates principle. The monarch’s open opposition to the people’s agency was considered a politically short-sighted move, which indicated a limitation of his power. The results of the study allow considering the government policy in 1905 not as an untimely response to public demands, but as a conscious strategy for systemic political reforms.

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