scholarly journals SPECIFIC MORPHOMETRIC FEATURES OF SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS IN ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Vovk ◽  
S. V. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Convex Part ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Parasagittal Plane ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

In order to determine the individual peculiarity of the shape, size, position and relations of the upper sagittal sinus, depending on the type of structure of the head in adults, craniometry and morphometry of the head sinuses were performed. The most significant venous collector of the brain is the upper sagittal sinus, which is located in the sagittal plane along the ridge of the lattice to the inner occipital projection. This formation is characterized by a triangular shape. The upper wall is formed by the leaves of the convex part of the solid membrane, and the two lateral walls by splitting the sickle of the cerebellum in the parasagittal plane. In adults, the upper wall contacts the inner surface of the parietal and occipital bones of the cranial vault. According to our data, the upper sagittal sinus has a specific range of variability depending on age, sex and head shape. The range of individual variability of the structure of the upper sagittal sinus was determined, which is characterized by the greatest values of length and height in adults, irrespective of gender with dolichomorphic head shape (narrow-headed) and increase in latitudinal parameters in people with meso- and brachymorphic head (middle and wide).

scholarly journals A Primo Vascular System Underneath the Superior Sagittal Sinus in the Brain of a Rabbit

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ho Nam ◽  
Jaekwan Lim ◽  
Seung-Hoon Choi ◽  
Sungchul Kim ◽  
Kwang-Sup Soh
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Visual Disturbance Caused by a Nail Gun-Induced Penetrating Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Jin Bong Ye ◽  
Young Hoon Sul ◽  
Se Heon Kim ◽  
Jin Young Lee ◽  
Jin Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Penetrating Brain Injury ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Neurologically Intact ◽  
The Brain

Penetrating brain injury caused by a nail gun is an uncommon clinical scenario reported in the literature. A 36-year-old male presented with a nail that had penetrated through the occipital bone. He was alert and neurologically intact except for visual disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed the nail lodged at the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe, with minimal intracerebral hemorrhage. The nail was placed in the occipital lobe close to the superior sagittal sinus. We removed the nail with craniotomy since the entrance of the nail was close to the superior sagittal sinus. There were no newly developed neurological deficits postoperatively. Immediate postoperative CT showed no newly developed lesions. The patient recovered well without any significant complications. Two weeks postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging showed no remarkable lesions. The visual disturbance was followed up at the outpatient department. To summarize, we report a rare case of penetrating head injury by a nail gun and discuss relevant aspects of the clinical management.

Continuous measurement of blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus of the lamb

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. R274-R279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Grant ◽  
C. Franzini ◽  
J. Wild ◽  
A. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Occlusive Cuff

We assessed the validity of recording blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus (Qss) as a measure of cerebral blood flow (CBF). While anesthetized, 10 lambs were instrumented with a transit-time ultrasonic flow probe around the superior sagittal sinus to measure Qss, electrodes to assess sleep state, catheters to measure cerebral perfusion pressure (Pcp), and an occlusive cuff around the common brachiocephalic artery to vary blood pressure. After 72 h recovery, lambs were studied during spontaneous sleep-wake cycles to establish 1) the normal range of Qss and 2) the response rate of Qss to rapid alterations of Pcp. Subsequently, the lambs were reanesthetized, and the measurement of Qss was calibrated and validated. Qss was linearly related to the arterial inflow of 35% of the brain mass (y = 0.5 x + 1.6, r = 0.93, n = 4). Qss was greater in active sleep (154.1 +/- 45.7 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1, mean +/- SD, n = 5) than in quiet sleep (97.1 +/- 40.8 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1) and quiet wakefulness (107 +/- 44.3 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1, P < 0.05). Qss responded rapidly (within one beat) to spontaneous and to induced transient changes in Pcp. We conclude that recording blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus provides a simple, continuous, and quantitative measure of CBF from a defined area of the brain and is appropriate for studying transient changes in the cerebral circulation.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted from the brain after intracerebroventricular injection of IL-1 beta in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. R518-R524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Romero ◽  
I. Kakucska ◽  
R. M. Lechan ◽  
S. Reichlin
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Peripheral Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Venous Plasma

To test the hypothesis that the brain is a source of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) that appears in the peripheral circulation of rats after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of IL-1 beta, the concentration of bioactive IL-6 in superior sagittal sinus (SSS) blood plasma was compared with aortic plasma 4 h after icv injection of 100 ng of recombinant human IL-1 beta at a time at which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 concentration was found to be markedly elevated. In three separate experiments, CSF IL-6 concentration (pg/ml; values are means +/- SE) was significantly elevated after icv IL-1 beta compared with saline control injections (25,879 +/- 11,472 vs. 35.5 +/- 5; 32,323 +/- 4,945 vs. 128 +/- 29; 114,410 +/- 33,563 vs. 848 +/- 250, respectively). The concentration of plasma IL-6 (pg/ml) in the aortas of rats injected intracerebroventricularly with IL-1 was greater than in controls [252 +/- 93 vs. 36.7 +/- 8.3, P = 0.0037; 361 +/- 95 vs. 57 +/- 13, P = 0.02; 2,254 +/- 550 vs. 1,239 +/- 666, P = 0.26 (NS)]. In IL-1-injected animals, SSS venous plasma IL-6 (pg/ml) was greater than in the aorta in all three studies (1,617 +/- 357 vs. 252 +/- 93, P = 0.0011; 3,754 +/- 1,188 vs. 361 +/- 95, P = 0.024; 8,208 +/- 1,388 vs. 2,254 +/- 550, P = 0.0054). The concentration difference (pg/ml) between SSS and aorta was significantly greater after IL-1 beta injection than in diluent-injected animals (1,365 +/- 369 vs. 48.3 +/- 13, P = 0.0083; 3,393 +/- 1,203 vs. 126 +/- 59, P = 0.035; 5,954 +/- 1,260 vs. 494 +/- 774, P = 0.0042). Suppression of peripheral sympathetic activation by preganglionic cholinergic blockade (chlorisondamine, 250 micrograms sc) did not prevent the usual IL-1-induced elevation in aortic blood IL-6 (3,272 +/- 1,174 vs. 244 +/- 74 pg/ml, P = 0.0012) nor the increased SSS-aortic gradient (2,541 +/- 1,134 vs. 165 +/- 48, P = 0.0142 by Mann-Whitney comparison). Injection of rat/human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 10.0 micrograms) icv did not change IL-6 concentration in CSF or in peripheral blood. These studies demonstrated that the brain and/or its supporting structures are activated by icv IL-1 beta to release IL-6 into the blood and that the effect is not dependent on peripheral sympathetic activity or central mobilization of CRH. Direct secretion of IL-6 and possibly of other cytokines from the brain is postulated to be a pathway of neuroimmunomodulation.

scholarly journals First study on the peptidergic innervation of the brain superior sagittal sinus in humans

Neuropeptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Sampaolo ◽  
Giovanna Liguori ◽  
Alfredo Vittoria ◽  
Filomena Napolitano ◽  
Luca Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Peptidergic Innervation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Variability of perceptual multistability: from brain state to individual trait

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1591) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kleinschmidt ◽  
Philipp Sterzer ◽  
Geraint Rees
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Switching Behaviour ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Few phenomena are as suitable as perceptual multistability to demonstrate that the brain constructively interprets sensory input. Several studies have outlined the neural circuitry involved in generating perceptual inference but only more recently has the individual variability of this inferential process been appreciated. Studies of the interaction of evoked and ongoing neural activity show that inference itself is not merely a stimulus-triggered process but is related to the context of the current brain state into which the processing of external stimulation is embedded. As brain states fluctuate, so does perception of a given sensory input. In multistability, perceptual fluctuation rates are consistent for a given individual but vary considerably between individuals. There has been some evidence for a genetic basis for these individual differences and recent morphometric studies of parietal lobe regions have identified neuroanatomical substrates for individual variability in spontaneous switching behaviour. Moreover, disrupting the function of these latter regions by transcranial magnetic stimulation yields systematic interference effects on switching behaviour, further arguing for a causal role of these regions in perceptual inference. Together, these studies have advanced our understanding of the biological mechanisms by which the brain constructs the contents of consciousness from sensory input.

scholarly journals CT assessment of the increased density of cerebral vessels in plateau region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Zhou ◽  
Tsering Tashi ◽  
Deli Zhao ◽  
Sonam Tsring ◽  
Hongwei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Lacunar Infarction ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brain Parenchymal ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between the brain parenchymal density, the cerebral vessel density, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) content, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and the morbidity associated with lacunar infarction of residents living in either the plains or the plateau regions were analyzed and compared for their potential clinical implications. Clinical data from the brain CT scans of individuals living in either the plain or plateau regions (129 each) were collected. Specifically, the CT values for basal ganglia, the middle cerebral artery, and the superior sagittal sinus, along with the number of patients with lacunar infarction, were collected. In addition, the MCH and MCHC values were measured in blood samples collected within 48 h following the CT scans. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation test (permutation test), and Chi-squared test were employed. The inhabitants of the plateau had a significantly higher CT value of basal ganglia, the middle cerebral artery, and superior sagittal sinus and also higher levels of MCH and MCHC in the blood (ps < 0.001) than the inhabitants of the plains region. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between the three aforementioned CT values and the MCH and MCHC findings. However, no significant differences were found in the morbidity of lacunar infarction between these two regions (p > 0.05). The inhabitants in the plateau have a significantly higher brain parenchymal density, higher CT value for cerebral vessels density, and higher blood MCH and MCHC levels in comparison with individuals occupying the plains. Concurrently, the parenchymal density and the CT values are shown to be positively correlated with the MCH and MCHC content in the blood.

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