Tree growth forces and wood properties

AbstractStem shapes and wood properties are typically unknown at the time of harvesting. To date, approaches that integrate information about past tree growth into the harvesting and bucking process are rarely used. New models were developed and their potential demonstrated for stem bucking procedures for cut-to-length harvesters that integrate information about external and internal stem characteristics detected during harvesting. In total 221 stems were sampled from nine Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Finland. The widths of rings 11−20 from the pith were measured using images taken from the end face of each butt log. The total volume of knots in each whorl was measured by using a 4D X-ray log scanner. In addition, 13 stems were test sawn, and the diameters of individual knots were measured from the sawn boards. A model system was developed for predicting the horizontal diameter of the thickest knot for each whorl along a stem. The first submodel predicts the knot volume profile from the stem base upwards, and the second submodel converts the predicted knot volume to maximum knot diameter. The results showed that the knottiness of stems of a given size may vary greatly depending on their early growth rate. The developed system will be used to guide logging operations to achieve more profitable bucking procedures.

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The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Gudiwidayanto Sapto Putro ◽

Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽

Joko Sulistyo ◽

Suryo Hardiwinoto

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Tree Age ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Old Trees ◽

Plot Design

Abstract. Putro GS, Marsoem SN, Sulistyo J, Hardiwinoto S. 2020. The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties. Biodiversitas 21: 2814-2820. Various clones of superior teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) trees have recently been introduced in several land conditions. A study was conducted on three different clones of superior teak known as Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) growing in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two different ages of those clones were observed their growth rate and its wood properties. Strip plot design was applied to the treatment of tree age (five and eight-year-old) and clone types (D14, F35, and F21 clones). Tree growth was measured on 300 trees, meanwhile, annual growth rate and wood properties were measured on 18 trees. The result showed that at five-year-old as well as eight-year-old, the D14 clone has the best growth performance with diameter of 14.6 ± 1.80 cm and 20.5 ± 2.54 cm and height of 9.8 ± 1.72 m and 15.2 ± 2.13 m respectively. The growth rate negatively correlated with temperature and had no significant correlation to the precipitation. Different clones and tree age significantly affect the variability of fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion. The clone of D14 produced the highest-fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion (1.111mm; 0.50 and17.7%) at five-year-old trees and (1.156 mm; 0.54 and 49.0%) at eight-years-old.

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Effect of pruning on tree growth, yield, and wood properties of Tectona grandis plantations in Costa Rica

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.375 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Edgar Víquez ◽

Diego Pérez

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Wood Properties

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Shrinkage of Scots pine wood as an effect of different tree growth rates, a comparison of regeneration methods

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/23/2018-jfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Schönfelder Ondřej ◽

Zeidler Aleš ◽

Borůvka Vlastimil ◽

Bílek Lukáš ◽

Lexa Martin

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Regeneration Period ◽

Site Characteristics ◽

The Impact

The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) is one of the most important commercial tree species in Central Europe, yet we know very little about the variability of its wood properties. The aim of this study is to primarily analyse the impact of different tree growth rates and site characteristics on the shrinkage of Scots pine wood. The investigated forest stands are located at two sites of the Czech Republic that are characteristic for Scots pine silviculture. At each site, sample trees were selected from two stands representing two variants of the silvicultural treatment, i.e. a clear-cutting and shelterwood system with long regeneration period. Wood shrinkage in radial and tangential directions and volumetric shrinkage were determined in accordance with Czech standards. Lower values of shrinkage were found out in forest stands regenerated by the shelterwood method. The wood in the central part of the trunk shows lower shrinkage values than in the basal part in both stands. The unambiguous effect of the horizontal position in the trunk stem was demonstrated in forest stands regenerated by the clear-cutting method, whilst stands regenerated by the shelterwood method showed a more even distribution of shrinkage along the trunk width. Furthermore, it was found that the shrinkage of the Scots pine has a medium dependence on wood density.

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Genetic variation in wood shrinkage and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-288 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 966-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Carmen Sotelo Montes ◽

Jean Beaulieu ◽

Roger E. Hernández

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Wood Density ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Peruvian Amazon ◽

Shrinkage Ratio ◽

Radial Shrinkage ◽

Timber Tree

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex Shum. is an important timber tree species in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Farmers and industry use wood from young trees of this species, so tree breeders should investigate genetic variation in juvenile wood properties to verify whether they can be improved. A previous study using the same provenance/progeny test showed that there was significant genetic variation in tree growth and wood density, that heritability was higher for density than for growth, and that density and growth were positively correlated at 39 months. This paper presents results for wood shrinkage at 39 months and their correlations with tree growth and wood density. Data were collected on thinned trees. Shrinkage values were relatively low when considering wood density of this species. There was significant genetic variation in wood shrinkage due to families within provenances and, in some cases, due to provenances. Heritability estimates were moderately high for linear and volumetric shrinkage (0.37–0.50) and lower for the tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (0.21–0.29) across zones. The genetic correlations that were considered significant ranged from 0.30 to 0.80. In general, genetic correlations suggest that selection of faster-growing trees with higher wood density would result in wood with greater shrinkage and a larger tangential/radial shrinkage ratio.

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Midrotation effects of biosolids application on tree growth and wood properties in a Pinus radiata plantation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-084 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1921-1930 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hailong Wang ◽

Mark O Kimberley ◽

Guna N Magesan ◽

Russell B McKinley ◽

John R Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Density ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Application Rates ◽

Volume Increment ◽

The Difference ◽

Stocking Rates ◽

Biosolids Application

Biosolids have been applied to a 1000 ha Pinus radiata D. Don plantation in Nelson, New Zealand, since 1996. A research trial was established in a 6-year-old stand in 1997 with three stocking rates (300, 450, and 600 stems·ha–1), and biosolids were applied at ages 6, 9, and 12 years at three application rates based on total nitrogen loading at each application of 0 (control), 300 (standard), and 600 kg N·ha–1 (high). The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of tree growth rate and wood properties to biosolids application at midrotation. Since the trial was established, tree diameter and volume increment in the biosolids-treated plots have increased markedly. This increase in growth is being maintained at midrotation, with the year 13–14 volume increment being 40% greater in the standard treatment than the control, and 46% greater in the high treatment than the control. The response in growth has occurred across all stockings in the trial, although there has been a tendency for the difference in growth between the standard and high rates to be greater at higher stockings. A small but significant reduction of basic wood density and standing-tree sonic velocity in P. radiata was found in the biosolids treatments. Although the reductions in wood density and stiffness may slightly decrease the average log value in biosolids treated trees, this will be greatly outweighed by the large increase in wood volume.

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