The Situation of Catholic Instruction in Transylvania during the Communist Takeover

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
László Holló
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
God's Will ◽  
School Network ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Catholic Church

"In less than one year, the Catholic Church, just like the other denominations, lost its school network built along the centuries. This was the moment when the bishop wrote: “No one can resent if we shed tears over the loss of our schools and educational institutions”. Moreover, he stated that he would do everything to re-store the injustice since they could not resent if we used all the legal possibilities and instruments to retrieve our schools that we were illegally dispossessed of. Furthermore, he evaluated the situation realistically and warned the families to be more responsible. He emphasized the parents’ responsibility. First and foremost, the mother was the child’s first teacher of religion. She taught him the first prayers; he heard about God, Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the angels from his mother for the first time. He asked for the mothers’ and the parents’ support also in mastering the teachings of the faith. Earlier, he already instructed the priests to organize extramu-ral biblical classes for the children and youth. At this point, he asked the families to cooperate effectively, especially to lead an ardent, exemplary religious life, so that the children would grow up in a religious and moral life according to God’s will, learn-ing from the parents’ examples. And just as on many other occasions throughout history, the Catholic Church started building again. It did not build spectacular-looking churches and schools but rather modest catechism halls to bring communities together. These were the places where the priests of the dioceses led by the bishop’s example and assuming all the persecutions, incessantly educated the school children to the love of God and of their brethren, and the children even more zealously attended the catechism classes, ignoring their teachers’ prohibitions. Keywords: Márton Áron, Diocese of Transylvania, confessional religious education, communism, nationalization of catholic schools, Catholic Church in Romania in 1948."

Avalokiteśvara's Manifestation as the Virgin Mary: The Jesuit Adaptation and the Visual Conflation in Japanese Catholicism after 1614

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyoung Michael Shin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
The Catholic Church

Since St. Francis Xavier landed in Kagoshima in 1549, the Jesuit mission in Japan had achieved an amazing number of conversions, even though their activity lasted for merely about fifty years. Their great success came to an abrupt end in 1614 when the Bakufu government began the full proscription and persecution of the religion. An earlier ruler, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, had already banned Christianity and ordered the expulsion of foreign missionaries in 1587, but without strict enforcement. Since the 1630s, the former Christians were required to enroll in local Buddhist temples and annually go through the practice of treading on Christian icons in order to prove their apostasy. However, many Christians secretly retained the faith by disguising their true religious identity with Buddhist paraphernalia. These so-called “underground” (or sempuku) Christians survived more than two hundred years of persecution, and today some groups still continue to practice their own religion, refusing to join the Catholic Church. The present-day religion of the latter, called “hidden” (or kakure) Christians to distinguish them from the former, has drawn the attention of ample anthropological as well as religious studies.

scholarly journals Troska biskupa Czesława Domina o wiernych świeckich w świetle dekretów powizytacyjnych parafii diecezji koszalińsko-kołobrzeskiej

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Dullak
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Canon Law Code which is obliging within the Catholic Church, obliges the diocesan bishop to pay pastoral visits within his diocese (can. 396 § 1). The Vatican Council II points out that the bishops should run the particular churches entrusted to them, by counsels, encouragem ents and example, and that they should do it by the power of their authority (LG 27). During his 4-year pastoral work in the diocese of Koszalin and Kolobrzeg, bishop Czeslaw Domin visited 55 parishes. In each one of them he was concerned not only about the priests, but also lay people, and especially their spiritual lives. Bishop Domin was undertaking some actions aimed to revive charity activities within the parishes. Also, he was encouraging pastoral care for married couples and families, and tried to change things concerning religious education in public schools. He was always encouraging parishioners to be more active in different church activities.

scholarly journals SUMBANGSIH PESANTREN DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI NUSANTARA SEBUAH KAJIAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Jasminto Jasminto
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Diverse Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

Pesantren as an Islamic educational institution in Indonesia has a meaning and role that is very urgent in order to improve the standard of living and maintain tolerance in a diverse society. The journey of pesantren as an institution that concentrates on the field of education requires mutual attention. The existence of Pesantren is the mandate of the nation, even before the independence of Indonesia, while its implementation at the moment is the implementation of the joint responsibility in accordance with the mandate in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of paragraph IV and Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution. The development in Indonesia is carried out by various institutions education both general education and Islamic education that has a different background. The Pesantren as an Islamic educational institution that is built and developed in Indonesia is one type of Islamic education of Indonesia that is both traditional and modern to deepen the knowledge of Islam, live in society and nation. Historically, the development of pesantren in Indonesia has different backgrounds, styles and roles, as well as the struggle to realize national educational goals framed in Islamic religious education. Thus, in this study will be discussed a brief history of Islamic boarding schools, Islamic education in Indonesia as well as about pesantren as educational institutions that have a characteristic nationality.

scholarly journals O. Kasper Drużbicki SJ (1590-1662) i jego nauka o doskonałości chrześcijańskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Józef Mandziuk
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Consecrated Life ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Christian Perfection ◽  
Secular Life ◽  
The Catholic Church

At their beginnings, Jesuits had a huge impact on the Catholic Church in Poland. They introduced the Council of Trent reform and stopped the spread of Protestanism. Amongst them, there were many mystics, great theologians, missionaries, saints and priests. One of them was Father Kasper Druzbicki, theologian, ascetic writer, preacher and administrator.One of his many theological works is a treaty about the shortest way to Christian perfection, which is God’s will fulfillment. The book is not just designed for those in consecrated life, but also in secular life who strive toward holiness.

Mary Ward

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Mondelli
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Day School ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
Blessed Virgin Mary ◽  
Modern France ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Jesuit College ◽  
The Catholic Church

Mary Ward (b. 1585–d. 1645), founder of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary [IBVM], one of the first institutions created for the advanced education of women, was born to a family of recusant Catholics of gentry standing in Yorkshire, England, in 1585, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Endowed with an excellent education, Ward determined to advance the Catholic cause by developing schools on the Jesuit model that would make a classical education available to women—an ambition that could not be successfully pursued in Protestant England. In 1609, Ward gathered a group of young Catholic Englishwomen who accompanied her to Saint-Omer (modern France) where, in the vicinity of the Jesuit college already existing there, she founded the first house of her institute, complete with a boarding school for English girls and a day-school for local girls. This first foundation she expanded into a European network of schools headed by lay female teachers—the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The first foundations of the Institute were at Saint-Omer (modern France), Liège (Belgium), Cologne and Trier (Rhineland/Germany), Rome, Naples, and Perugia (Italy), Munich (Bavaria/Germany), Vienna (Austria), and Pressburg (Bratislava /Slovakia); eventually some three hundred were constituted, with some schools enrolling as many as five hundred students. Initially, Ward’s institute was encouraged by highly placed officials within the Catholic Church. From the 1620s, however, the institute aroused the suspicions and perhaps the jealousy of other prelates, whose hostility led to its formal suppression, in 1631, by Pope Urban VIII. The institute was denounced for its proposed Jesuit-like hierarchy, its mission to proselytize among heretics and the infidel, and its desire to be both a female religious order and remain unenclosed after the Council of Trent had demanded the full enclosure of women in religious orders. That decision was soon rescinded, and the institute and its offshoots were reaffirmed and its global extension encouraged. But the association of Ward herself with the IBVM was disallowed: in 1749, Pope Benedict XIV issued the decree Quamvis iusto, which prohibited the institute from acknowledging Mary Ward as its founder; in 1909, that ban was lifted. A century later, in 2009, Mary Ward was recognized as venerable by the Catholic Church on account of her “heroic virtue.” The cause for her canonization began in 1929 and remains active. This entry considers works about Ward’s life and mission and places her in the context of contemporary women’s reform movements, English recusancy, and the development of schooling for girls.

scholarly journals Evolución del hecho religioso en el marco del constitucionalismo español 1812-1978 | Evolution of the religious fact in the framework of the spanish constitutionalism 1812-1978

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Enrique Somavilla
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Catholic Church

Las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado han estado vinculadas a los avatares de la historia de España y por los avatares que ha pasado la sociedad española, en las distintas épocas, desde constitucionalismo español, especialmente desde los siglos XIX al XXI. No hay que olvidar que la esencialidad de lo que consideramos hoy nación española está estrechamente vinculada a la creencia y pertenencia a la Iglesia católica desde tiempo inmemorial, incluso durante la dominación árabe, y que se concretará en el reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Es notorio que las influencias cristianas y católicas arraigaron en la mentalidad del pueblo español que unió la fe con su españolidad. Han sido siete Constituciones, tres Cartas otorgadas y otras que no llegaron a promulgarse. Pero la riqueza acumulada en dichas relaciones ha sido determinante a la hora de establecer unos lazos de colaboración entre ambas entidades. _____________________________The relationships between Church and State have been linked to the vicissitudes of Spanish History and the vicissitudes of Spanish Society, through its diverse periods since the Spanish Constitutionalism, especially since the XIX century, to the XXI century. It cannot be forgotten that the essentiality of what we know as the Spanish Nation is closely linked to the believing and belonging to the Catholic Church since old times, even during the Arabic domain, materialized during the ruling of the Catholic Monarchs. It is remarkable that the Catholic and Christian influences enrooted in the mentality of the Spanish people that united faith with its Spanish identity. It has been seven Constitutions; three Granted Charter and others Charter unpublished.  However, the accumulated richness in those relationships has been decisive at the moment of establishing the bow of collaboration between both entities.

Mount St Bernard’s Reformatory, Leicestershire, 1856–81

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Catholic Church

Bernard Burder, Abbot of the Cistercian Abbey of Mount St Bernard's, Leicestershire, from 1853 to 1858 is largely forgotten today; but for a few years in the middle of the last century his activities were important, and to a considerable extent, anticipated those of Archbishop Manning in the field of reformatory education. Burder's spiritual progress was similar to Newman's: he began life as a nonconformist, was then converted to Anglicanism and finally joined the Catholic Church one year after Newman. That same year, 1846, he entered Mount St Bernard's and on the death of its first Abbot, Dom Bernard Palmer, in 1853, was, in December of that year, elected to succeed him.

Catholicism as a Protestantism

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
John A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Intentional Community ◽  
The Moment ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
American Catholic Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

“Among the ways in which the American Catholic church has protestantized itself in recent years, the most important has been its transformation into an intentional community. For Catholics now, as earlier for Protestants, religion is a matter of opinion, not of birth; and one may change religion as easily and frequently as one changes one's mind. However—and this is the key point—intentional, Protestant religious communities have long had ways of recognizing and removing those who do not share the grounding intention of the community, whatever it may be. The Catholic Church, for the moment anyway, does not.”

scholarly journals The awaited miracle: reflections of Marian apparitions in Garabandal, Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
Ecumenical Council ◽  
Marian Apparitions ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article reflects upon Marian apparitions that occurred during the years 1961 to 1965 in the village of San Sebastián de Garabandal, or Garabandal, in northern Spain, giving rise to pilgrimages ever since. The events coincided with the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II. Garabandal is the only Marian apparition event to have prophesied and commented on Vatican II. Nevertheless, in Christendom, travelling to Garabandal is regarded as an alternative pilgrimage.The pilgrimage route is in several ways unique compared to journeys to other Marian pilgrimage shrines, since it has not yet been approved by the Catholic Church. Pilgrimages to Garabandal were even officially forbidden for several years. The Catholic Church authorities originally declared travelling to Garabandal as forbidden for church officials such as priests and others. This article gives an overview of the case of Garabandal through the years and reflect upon why this place is considered special in comparison to other pilgrimage sites. The study examines such aspects of pilgrimages to this village as location and motivation, the Virgin Mary and Marian apparitions and also the messages and miracles of Garabandal. 

scholarly journals Governing Catholic religious education in Italian state schools: Between the revision of the Concordat and social movements, 1974-1984

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Guillaume Silhol
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
School Reforms ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
State Schools ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article focuses on the redefinition of Catholic religious education in Italian state schools, from compulsory religious instruction into a non-compulsory discipline of “religious culture”, by analyzing how the issue is framed and negotiated by political, religious and educational actors between 1974 and 1984. The negotiations between governmental and Church representatives in the revision of the Concordat led to attempts at a compromise on religious education, its regime and its guarantees for students’ choices. However, social movements and school reforms forced various actors and institutions to reframe it in non-confessional, pedagogical and professional terms in public arenas. “Religious culture”, as a category promoted by teachers and intellectuals, became both a social problem and the main justification for the ownership of the Catholic Church over the problem.

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