“Working at Home and Living at Work, but....”

Due to the pandemic, online education has made trouble for students regarding access, academic performance, motivation, and remote work difficulties for instructors. In this study, the experiences of working from home and online education of women in academia in Turkey will be understood and explored. The qualitative research method, namely in-depth interviews, was used to acquire detailed knowledge about the issue. The similarities and/or differences of the experiences were discussed according to the three main profiles that emerged. While unmarried women have benefited from this process and increased their professional activities, married women with children were seen as the most disadvantaged group in work-life balance, home conditions, and professional careers.

Education and ‘Civilization’

Studies on the transformation of the Japanese educational system in the Meiji period usually emphasise the intensity of reforms and their comprehensive character. In the framework of the present study, I will briefly summarise the central aspects of this transformation, then turn to the examination of the tension manifested in Meiji period discourses on education. This is a tension that emerges when one compares the interpretation of the Meiji era as the introduction of ‘enlightened’ Western liberalism with the ideology of centralised reform, far from being as liberal as reported by Meiji period intellectuals themselves. I draw attention to this tension as manifested in the purposes of Meiji educational reforms, then I turn to the analysis of the education of women as a central question in terms of the interpretation of the family in Meiji Japan. The analysis is based on the writings of the leading intellectuals of the time, basically their essays published in the famous journal of the 1870s, Meiroku Zasshi 明六雑誌.

Eleonora Ziemięcka, the First Polish Woman Philosopher: On the Essence and the Role of Philosophical Thinking

Eleonora Ziemięcka (1815-1869) is considered the first Polish woman philosopher. She represented Christian philosophy. She expressed her philosophical views most profoundly in a work Zarysy filozofii katolickiej w czterech poglądach zawarte [Outlines of Catholic Philosophy Included in Four Views]. She also spoke about the education of women, to which she devoted the work Myśli o wychowaniu kobiet [Thoughts on Education of Women]. In the text Myśli o filozofii [Thoughts on Philosophy], published in 1840, she presented her thoughts on the essence and role of philosophy. It is this issue that is discussed in this article.

Early Neonatal Mortality’s Determinants in the Neonatology Department of Mohamed V Hospital in Tangier, Morocco

Objective: This study aims to identify the determinants of early neonatal mortality in the neonatology department of Mohamed V hospital in Tangier.Material and methods: This is a prospective study including all newborns hospitalized and deceased in the pediatric department of the hospital Mohammed V from June 1 to December 31, 2019. The recorded cases were processed and analyzed by SPSS software.Results: 529 newborns were hospitalized in the pediatric department during the study period, of which 92 died (17.39%) between 0 and 7 days. Four leading causes justified this frequency: prematurity occupies first place (59%), followed by perinatal asphyxia (22%), neonatal infection (15%) in third place, congenital malformations (3%) in fourth place. Parturients aged between 20 and 35 years are the most affected (76%). The majority of women (71.4%) in our series had not undergone prenatal consultation (PNC) or had done so in insufficient numbers.Conclusion: Neonatal mortality remains high. Improvement of this situation requires education of women, reinforcement of surveillance before, during pregnancy, during delivery, and the postpartum period, as well as effective management of premature newborns in the first week of life, should improve the neonatal prognosis by reducing the intra-hospital incidence of neonatal mortality in our setting.

Polish Women Have Moderate Knowledge of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Breastfeeding Benefits

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a multifaceted disease and is associated with complications for newborns and mothers. The aim of the study was to assess Polish women’s knowledge concerning GDM and their attitude to breastfeeding. As a research tool, an anonymous online survey that included 33 questions, grouped into three main sections—sociodemographic and obstetric variables, risk factors for GDM and neonatal adverse outcomes, and knowledge about breastfeeding—was used and administered online. A total of 410 women aged from 18 to 45 participated in this study. Based on the survey, it was demonstrated that the women had moderate knowledge concerning the maternal risk factors and adverse neonatal outcomes associated with GDM and, additionally, the short- and long-term effects of breastfeeding. Significantly deeper knowledge about GDM, including breastfeeding by GDM mothers, was observed among hyperglycemic mothers in comparison to normoglycemic mothers. However, knowledge concerning the health benefits of breastfeeding was not related to the mothers’ glycemic status. In conclusion, educational programs must include pre-pregnancy education of women and place emphasis on explaining the mechanism of development of GDM and the transformation of GDM to type 2 diabetes. This is crucial for changing the public’s perception of GDM as a temporary, reversible clinical entity.

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT IN BANGLADESH

The purpose of the present study is to examine the major factors related to the participation of women in the economic activities of Bangladesh, using the data of the nationally representative provided by the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017/18. The survey interviewed a total of 20127 women aged 15-49 on social, economic, and demographic factors. The study used women's occupations as the dependent variable to understand the patterns and dynamics of women's participation in economic activities in Bangladesh. The result shows that 49.6% of women didn’t associate with any work, 7.9% of women worked as a professional, technical or managerial specialist, and 42.5% of women worked as non-professional, such as: in agriculture, and domestic-related work. Two policy implications emerged from the study: 1) The economic activity of women in Bangladesh is still low, most of them earn their livelihood utilizing non-professional works; 2) Women who are relatively from poorer families, not very well educated, located in the rural area are largely seen in economic activities in Bangladesh. Finally, the study indicates an idea about important determinants of women's employment, as poor women with little formal education remain economically active. The study recommends that women must be provided with new skills and knowledge to expand their ability and the education of women must be given the highest priority, which is the fundamental problem.

Issues of Physical Perfection and Physical Education of Women in the Poetry by Nizami Ganjevi

After gaining independence, the Republic of Azerbaijan, one might say, has always honored all our writers and poets from our classical heritage. Our President Ilham Aliyev has declared this year the Year of the classic poet Nizami Ganjavi. The main goal is the desire to lead our nation forward, to protect it, to preserve the legacy left to us by our great leader, world politician Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev. He also pointed out the importance of preserving our classical poets such as Nizami Ganjavi and passing on their works to the younger generation. Female images play a key role in the works of Nizami Ganjavi. In his works, he highlighted the place of a woman, depicting a woman as a mother, an ornament of life. In Sultan Sanjar and the Old Woman Beit from Treasury of Secrets, the first poem in the five-verse Hamsa, Nizami Ganjavi describes a woman as the leading force of society, defending her rights. In the second poem — Khosrov and Shirin, Nizami Ganjavi always wanted to see women free and made it clear that a society without women would become an orphan. In his third poem, Layli and Majnun, he described in detail the image of Layli as a selfless oriental woman, attached to her family and devoted to her love. In fact, Nizami Ganjavi foresaw the role of women in society thousands of years ago. The fourth poem Seven Beauties shows the customs and traditions of Chinese, Russian, Persian, Indian, Arab and Turkish women. The poem describes in detail the maternal care of a woman, regardless of her nationality. In his works, Nizami Ganjavi called for an end to all forms of violence against women and wanted to see women free.

Women’s Decision-making Autonomy and Some Demographic Factors Associated With Higher Dietary Diversity in Bangladesh

Background: Consumption of diverse nutrient-rich diets is vital for maintaining a healthy life. A low-quality monotonous diet dominated by starchy staple foods is common in Bangladesh, which leads to the development of diseases associated with micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in women and their offspring. This research aims to validate the association between women’s decision-making autonomy and their attainment of higher dietary diversity (DD), as well as identify the sociodemographic factors that can independently predict higher DD.Methods: This study was conducted using the data selected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. Women (n = 17,842) aged 15–49 years, with their complete dietary details, were selected as the participants. The DDS was obtained from a 24-h recall of dietary intake from nine food groups and was categorized into lower DDS (DD ≤ 4) and higher DDS (DD ≥ 5). The relationship between the decision-making independence of women and DDS was studied using logistic regression.Results: It was observed that almost all women consumed starchy foods, followed by flesh (meat or fish) (83.86%) and fruits (67.30%). The involvement of women in decision-making for household purchases was significantly correlated with higher dietary diversity. The odds were higher among women who participated in household purchases compared to women who did not (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 0.52–9.83; p = 0.022). Women who had higher and secondary education were 2.72 (95% CI: 0.49–15.02; p = 0.025) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.28–6.18; p = 0.029) times more likely to achieve higher DD compared to those with no education. Women in the richer wealth quintiles were 6.49 (OR 6.49; 95% CI: 1.12–37.5; p = 0.037) times more likely to achieve higher DD compared to women in poorer wealth quintiles.Conclusion: The research findings suggested that the socioeconomic status, empowerment, and higher education of women may contribute to the purchase of nutritious foods and higher dietary diversity.

Pregnant women’s perceptions of physical activity: Adaptation of the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire in Dubai, a multicultural society

Background: There are major health benefits of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy, yet there is scant data about a woman's knowledge and understanding of these benefits globally.Design and Methods: We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates concerning exercise. We wanted to investigate why some women exercise while others do not exercise during pregnancy. We used a cross-sectional study using a paper-based questionnaire involving pregnant women at antenatal clinics in the Dubai health Authority. The Modified form of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) was adapted in both Arabic and English and used in this study.Results: Women aging 25-35 that had a higher educational level, were employed, having 1 or 2 previous pregnancies, and having better knowledge on the benefits of Physical Activity (PA) during pregnancy had better exercise profiles.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the majority of the women that participated in our study were shown to have low PA during pregnancy. Better education and communication of the benefits of PA during pregnancy are needed to improve exercise among pregnant women in the UAE population. We found that improved education of women specific to PA with involvement of a healthcare provider were associated with an increase in PA during pregnancy.