THE GREAT “AUTO DE FE” AT SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS, OR HOW TO ACHIEVE HISTORICAL EMPATHY WITH CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH VIRTUAL REALITY

The project “The Great Auto de Fe in Santiago de los Caballeros” consisted of an interactive virtual recreation of this historical event that occurred on March 11, 1554 in the city today known as Antigua, Guatemala. A binational research team from Mexico and the U.S. made up of historians, architects and animation engineers, in the space of five weeks, created the historical settings, characters and interactivity necessary to offer the public this immersive experience. The project was presented within the framework of an international exhibition "The images of the Maya gods in the 16th century: The meeting of two worlds,” located at the Centro de Formación para la Cooperación Española in Antigua, the site of a former 17th century Jesuit College. This article presents the details of the workflow used, the social and cultural implications observed, as well as the results of the satisfaction surveys applied to approximately 80% of the users who had access to this experience.

The Reception of Books from Braniewo in the 17th-century Uppsala University Library

It is well known that Swedish armies took a number of literary spoils of war from Poland in the 17th century, among others, the library of the Jesuit College in Braniewo in 1626. This article discusses how the collections from Braniewo were received and arranged in the first library building of Uppsala University, to which they had been donated by the Swedish King Gustavus II Adolphus. Books with contents related to theology are discussed in particular. As is shown in the article, books from Braniewo by Catholic authors or editors that were of a more neutral nature, such as books on Church history, Bibles and Bible concordances, were generally considered more useful at this Lutheran university than books by Catholic authors containing, for instance, Bible commentaries, sermons and dogmatics.

Anagrus avalae Soyka, 1956, a new synonym of A. bakkendorfi Soyka, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Soyka (1946) described the European fairyfly species Anagrus bakkendorfi Soyka (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from a single female collected on the same day, 7.x.1931, together with several non-type specimens incorrectly labeled as paratypes (Chiappini & Triapitsyn 1999), on a window at its type locality, the former St. Ignatius Jesuit College in Valkenburg, Limburg, the Netherlands. Soyka (1956) did not mention type specimens of any of his species of Anagrus Haliday. He described Anagrus avalae Soyka (Soyka 1956) based apparently on a specimen collected on Mt. Avala, Belgrade, Serbia, former Yugoslavia, along with several other nominal species (some also from Valkenburg) that were later synonymized with A. avalae and A. bakkendorfi by Chiappini (1989) and Chiappini & Triapitsyn (1999). The only, minor, morphological difference between the two nominal species is the length of the ovipositor in females relative to the length of the protibia, being at least 2.6× in A. bakkendorfi and at most 2.3× in A. avalae (Triapitsyn 2015). Specimens identifiable as both species were captured by the second author in 2000 by a Malaise trap in Iratibizkar, Irati Forest (Selva de Irati), Navarra, Spain. Chiappini & Triapitsyn (1999) discussed both nominal species but despite recognizing their apparent conspecificity, no formal synonymy was proposed. Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy (2004) and Triapitsyn (2015) also did not propose synonymy because at that time genetic evidence for conspecificity was lacking. However, Triapitsyn et al. (2019) obtained DNA and sequenced selected mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal gene regions (COI and ITS2) from a specimen unambiguously identified by the first author as A. avalae that was collected in Sevenoaks, Kent County, England, United Kingdom. Because of this we decided to collect fresh specimens identifiable as A. bakkendorfi for molecular analysis and genetic comparison with those identifiable as A. avalae. Based on the previous record (Triapitsyn 2015), several females of A. bakkendorfi were successfully captured by the second author on 4.ix.2020 in Irati Forest, preserved in ethanol, and shipped to the first and third authors for morphological and molecular identification, respectively.

Jezuitské fondy Národní knihovny ČR ve světle provenienčního průzkumu

The paper provides an overview of the provenances of the Jesuit books placed in the historical collection of the National Library of the Czech Republic. As expected, early printed books from former Jesuit libraries form one of the largest provenance groups in the NL collections. So far, 6,398 titles from the abolished Jesuit libraries in Bohemia have been identified. The identification of individual volumes is possible thanks to the relatively consistent ownership notes written on the title pages of the books; other clues are provided by specific bookbinding or donor inscriptions. In addition to the library of the Clementinum College, it has been possible to find fragments of the libraries of the Jesuit college in Český Krumlov, Chomutov, Jindřichův Hradec, Jičín, Kutná Hora, St Ignatius College in Prague, the colleges in Cheb, Hradec Králové, Litoměřice, Březnice, and the Professed House in the Lesser Town of Prague. Groups of books from the Jesuit residences in Bohosudov, Doupov, Golčův Jeníkov, Košumberk, Liběšice, Opařany, Ostředek, Stará Boleslav, Svatá Hora near Příbram, Tuchoměřice and Žampach have been documented as well. Of course, this overview of the preserved and identified fragments of Jesuit libraries is not complete. In addition, the libraries contained manuscripts and incunabula, but this research focuses on the collection of early printed books, especially its core, Bibliotheca nationalis.

Japan Dramas and Shakespeare at St. Omers English Jesuit College

This essay examines how Catholics at the English Jesuit College at Saint-Omer reflected on Japanese religious politics during the 1620s and 1630s, both through translated mission reports and drama. This analysis expands scholars’ view of English encounters with Japan; it also decenters predominantly Eurocentric approaches to early modern Jesuit education and theater. The essay concludes with a discussion of Shakespeare and George Wilkins's “Pericles,” a quarto playbook of which was possessed by St. Omers and which, through the generic elements of romance it shared with the Japan material, provided further opportunities for the college's Catholics to consider transcontinental religious politics.

MATEMÁTICA NO ECO: ANÁLISE DE ARTIGOS ESCRITOS PELO JESUÍTA LUIZ MONTEIRO RECKZIEGEL

O tema deste artigo é a Matemática em periódico veiculado por colégio jesuíta do Rio Grande do Sul, no século XX. Seu objetivo é analisar dez artigos sobre Matemática, escritos pelo jesuíta Luiz Monteiro Reckziegel, em 1943, no periódico O Eco. Como o tema se insere na História da Educação Matemática no estado gaúcho, este estudo qualitativo e documental, ampara-se na pesquisa histórica. O Eco foi editado pelo Colégio Anchieta de Porto Alegre, de abril de 1914 até o final de 1969. Seu público-alvo era a comunidade escolar e a mocidade católica brasileira, apresentando-se conteúdos religiosos e morais e de formação geral. O jesuíta Luiz Roberto Reckziegel, formado em Filosofia e em Teologia, atuou no ensino de Ciências Exatas, escrevendo também artigos sobre Matemática e publicados no periódico O Eco. Os artigos de Reckziegel abordam procedimentos de cálculo envolvendo as operações aritméticas de adição, multiplicação, divisão e radiciação. Dessa forma, o autor buscava despertar o interesse e a curiosidade da mocidade estudantil, contribuindo para formação da juventude católica nos colégios onde esse periódico circulava.Palavras-chave: História da Educação. Jesuítas. Revista. Matemática.MATEMÁTICAS EN ECO: ANÁLISIS DE ARTÍCULOS ESCRITOS POR EL JESUITA LUIZ MONTEIRO RECKZIEGELResumenEl tema de este artículo es Matemáticas en una revista publicada por un colegio jesuita en Rio Grande do Sul, en el siglo XX. Su objetivo es analizar diez artículos sobre Matemáticas, escritos por el jesuita Luiz Monteiro Reckziegel, en 1943, en la revista O Eco. Como el tema se inserta en la Historia de la Educación Matemática en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, este estudio cualitativo y documental está respaldado por la investigación histórica. El Eco fue publicado por el Colégio Anchieta de Porto Alegre, desde abril de 1914 hasta finales de 1969. Su público objetivo era la comunidad escolar y la juventud católica brasileña, presentando contenido religioso y moral y educación general. El jesuita Luiz Roberto Reckziegel, graduado en Filosofía y Teología, trabajó en la enseñanza de Ciencias Exactas, también escribió artículos sobre Matemáticas y publicó en la revista O Eco. Los artículos de Reckziegel abordan los procedimientos de cálculo que involucran las operaciones aritméticas de suma, multiplicación, división, y radiación. Por lo tanto, el autor buscó despertar el interés y la curiosidad de la juventud estudiantil, contribuyendo a la formación de la juventud católica en las escuelas donde circulaba esta revista.Palabras clave: Historia de la educación. Jesuitas. Revista. Matemáticas.MATHEMATICS IN THE ECHO: ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES WRITTEN BY JESUIT LUIZ MONTEIRO RECKZIEGELAbstractThe theme of this article is Mathematics in a magazine published by a Jesuit college in Rio Grande do Sul, in the 20th century. Its objective is to analyze ten articles on Mathematics, written by jesuit Luiz Monteiro Reckziegel, in 1943, in the periodical The Echo. As the theme is inserted in the History of Mathematics Education in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, this qualitative and documentary study is supported by historical research. The Echo was edited by Anchieta College of Porto Alegre, from April 1914 until the end of 1969. Its target audience was the school community and the Brazilian Catholic youth, presenting themselves religious and moral content and general formation. The jesuit Luiz Roberto Reckziegel, graduated in Philosophy and Theology, worked in the teaching of Exact Sciences, also writing articles on Mathematics and published in the magazine The Echo. Reckziegel's articles address calculation procedures involving the arithmetic operations of addition, multiplication, division and radication. In this way, the author sought to arouse the interest and curiosity of the student youth, contributing to the formation of Catholic youth in the schools where this magazine circulated.Keywords: History of Education. Jesuits. Magazine. Mathematics.

Institutionalization of a philosophical school: the origins of Justus Lipsius’ neostoicism

The article is devoted to the consideration of the neostoicism of Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) in order to show that there is a set of reasons for the renovation and institutionalization of any philosophical school: the historical context, education, community, personality and biography of its leader. As for Justus Lipsius, a philologist and publisher of ancient texts (Tacitus, Seneca), the following factors influenced. Since Lipsius lived in turbulent times (the 16th century was marked by the Reformation and religious wars), he could not help but pay attention to Stoic philosophy, designed to give peace of mind in an unsettled world. Lipsius received an excellent education at a Jesuit college and at two universities – Cologne and Louvain. He was instilled in a love of ancient literature during his education, which predetermined his work. He was an outstanding person by nature and was formed in the university environment and in the intellectual circles of his time. He was, for instance, a member of the Familists, whose founder taught, among other things, the permissibility of changing denominations. Lipsius’s interpretation of the Stoic doctrine suggests that the Stoics came closest to Christianity, unlike other ancient philosophers. All these factors determined the revival of Stoicism in the 16th century.

John Austin SJ (1717–84), The First Irish Catholic Cartesian?

Early-Modern Irish Catholics exiled on the European continent are known to have often held prominent academic positions in various important colleges and universities. This paper investigates the hitherto unknown Scholastic legacy of the Dublin-born Jesuit John Austin (1717–84), a famous Irish educator who started his career teaching philosophy at the Jesuit college of Rheims in 1746–47, before returning to the country of his birth as part of the Irish Mission. These manuscript lecture notes provides us first-hand knowledge about the content of French Jesuit education in the middle of the eighteenth century, which does not correspond to its classical reputation of ‘Aristotelian’ scholasticism opposed to philosophical novelties. While stitching to a traditional way of teaching, Austin introduces positively elements from Descartes, Malebranche, Locke and Newton into the curriculum. The present paper focuses on his conception of philosophical certitude (certitudo), which he considered a necessary condition for the possibility of philosophical knowledge.

Considerations on the historic context surrounding the publications attributed to Denis & Schiffermüller

In the second half of the 18th century, the influential Jesuit college named Theresianum ran an educational and scientific project for working systematically on the Lepidoptera occurring in the vicinity of Vienna, Austria. The teachers of the college prepared a document under the title “Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend”, with the aim of informing the ecclesiastical and secular authorities about the goal of the enterprise. On the board of the Theresianum there were several Jesuits, who later were considered authorities concerning Lepidoptera, namely: Michael Denis SJ, Sigismund Hohenwart SJ, Ludwig Mitterpacher SJ, Matthias Piller SJ, and Ignaz Schiffermüller SJ. They were acknowledged by Lepidoptera patronyms in the “Ankündung”, which suggests that they may have been involved in this project. This “Ankündung” was mentioned in the book “Versuch eines Farbensystems” in 1771, which was authored by Ignaz Schiffermüller. Also from this book, it can be postulated that Ignaz Schiffermüller regarded himself as a responsible author or editor of the “Ankündung”. Printing of the “Ankündung” was delayed for unspecified reasons, the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 may have been one of them. Subsequently, Ignaz Schiffermüller managed to circulate a limited number of copies of the “Ankündung” in 1775, and then the same document appeared before a wider audience under the new title “Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend” in 1776. Both these publications were at the time and ever since attributed to Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller, because some subsequent citations considered these two Jesuits as the principal authors.