scholarly journals Effect of Surfactant Compound Sprays on The Rate of Adsorption on Different Target Surfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1834-1845
Author(s):  
Muhammed Cemal Toraman ◽  
Ali Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Surface Active Substance ◽  
Drop Shape ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Spreading Rates ◽  
Active Substances

The first operation of adsorption on leaf surfaces in pulverization is drop sticking. In the water wettability of the surfaces, the sticking of the drops has a great importance. Drop contact angle, contact height, and contact diameter values in the third and tenth seconds were measured with Drop Shape Analysis 10 device to determine adsorption, spreading, and sticking levels by applying mixtures of ten surface active substances including different contents with pure water to different leaf surfaces. The adsorption and sticking rates of the drops they formed on different leaf surfaces were determined for the time they are obtained from the data obtained in both time periods. Furthermore, the spreading rates of the mixtures prepared by taking into account the change rates during the last seven seconds between these two periods were determined as the sticking rate. Coating shares related to covering rates of different surface active substances with different surface properties on the surface of leaves were evaluated as possible work success according to the adsorption, spreading and sticking levels anticipated in spraying. According to their results on the application surfaces, surface active substances and leaves were evaluated statistically by the SPSS 15 program in terms of their similar properties. It has been found that surface active substance mixtures with sodium carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose contents had the largest drop contact angles and contact heights with the smallest drop contact diameters on the leaf surfaces, and a negative impact on the adsorption performance as they spread very little over seven seconds. It has been determined that drops with surface active substance including trisiloxane + allyloxypolyethyleneglycol and alcoholethoxylate, alkylphenolethoxylate have formed the smallest contact angles, minimum drop heights and largest contact diameters on the surface of the leaves, as well as increased adsorption and sticking by spreading rapidly for seven seconds.

scholarly journals Synthetic Surface-active Substances Abstraction from Water Solutions with Hydrolytic Lignin

2011 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Surface Active Substance ◽  
Chemical Adsorption ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

Regularities of akyltrimethylammoniachloride sorption abstraction from water solutions with hydrolytic lignin have been studied. Two characteristic pH areas of a cation surface-active substance concentration different in the nature of sorbate/sorbent interaction have been singled out. In the acid medium the sorbate’s adsorption by hydrolytic lignin takes place due to physical adsorption. In the subacid and alkaline medium the sorbate/sorbent interaction occurs due to chemical adsorption.

THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON THE OXIDATION OF ETHYLBENZOL, CATALYSIS OF ETHYLBENZOL OXIDATION BY CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIA OF BROMIDE IN COMBINATION WITH ACETYLACETANATE OF COBALT

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybeniz M. Kashkay ◽  
Olga T. Kasaikina ◽  
Zenfira R. Agayeva
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic System ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Surface Active Substance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

There have been studied kinetic objective laws of ethylbenzol oxidation  (RH) and decomposition of a-phenylethyl of hydroperoxide (ROOH) in the presence of cationic surface-active substance-cetyltrimethylammonia of  bromide (CTAB) and bis-(chacetylacetonate) of cobalt (Co(acac)2). The combination  of Co(acac)2 (0,1 mM) with CTAB (1mM) is a hidheffective synergetic catalytic system: the oxidation of RH at 600C is characterized by a high rate of absorption O2 and low stationar concentration of ROOH, the main product of oxidation RH in this system is acetophenon. The effective energy of activization the decomposition of ROOH is Eeff=45,5 kJ/mol, the outlet of radicals-e=0,09. It has been made a supposition that at the oxidation of ethylbenzol by the oxygen from the air, the mecanism of cobalt-bromide catalysis is realized in the system CTAB-Co(acac)2; the concentration of  reagents (ROOH, Co(II), Br) in microagregates CTAB at a small brutto concentrations of the catalysator brings to the rise of the rate of ROOH decomposition and to the fall  of the radicals outlet into volume of oxidating

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPEED, TIME OF HOMOGENIZATION, TYPE OF SURFACE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE ON THE SIZE OF PENTOXYPHILLINE NANOPARTICLES BASED ON POLY-DL-LAKTIDE-CO-GLICOLIDE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Timchenko ◽  
A. V. Blinov ◽  
A. V. Serov ◽  
L. I. Shcherbakova ◽  
V. A. Kompantsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Surface Active Substance ◽  
Surface Active

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF WATER IN PROTOPLASMIC PERMEABILITY AND IN ANTAGONISM

1956 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Surface Active Substance ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Protoplasmic Surface ◽  
Outer Protoplasmic Surface ◽  
Aqueous Surface ◽  
Surface Active

The behavior of the cell depends to a large extent on the permeability of the outer non-aqueous surface layer of the protoplasm. This layer is immiscible with water but may be quite permeable to it. It seems possible that a reversible increase or decrease in permeability may be due to a corresponding increase or decrease in the water content of the non-aqueous surface layer. Irreversible increase in permeability need not be due primarily to increase in the water content of the surface layer but may be caused chiefly by changes in the protoplasm on which the surface layer rests. It may include desiccation, precipitation, and other alterations. An artificial cell is described in which the outer protoplasmic surface layer is represented by a layer of guaiacol on one side of which is a solution of KOH + KCl representing the external medium and on the other side is a solution of CO2 representing the protoplasm. The K+ unites with guaiacol and diffuses across to the artificial protoplasm where its concentration becomes higher than in the external solution. The guaiacol molecule thus acts as a carrier molecule which transports K+ from the external medium across the protoplasmic surface. The outer part of the protoplasm may contain relatively few potassium ions so that the outwardly directed potential at the outer protoplasmic surface may be small but the inner part of the protoplasm may contain more potassium ions. This may happen when potassium enters in combination with carrier molecules which do not completely dissociate until they reach the vacuole. Injury and recovery from injury may be studied by measuring the movements of water into and out of the cell. Metabolism by producing CO2 and other acids may lower the pH and cause local shrinkage of the protoplasm which may lead to protoplasmic motion. Antagonism between Na+ and Ca++ appears to be due to the fact that in solutions of NaCl the surface layer takes up an excessive amount of water and this may be prevented by the addition of suitable amounts of CaCl2. In Nitella the outer non-aqueous surface layer may be rendered irreversibly permeable by sharply bending the cell without permanent damage to the inner non-aqueous surface layer surrounding the vacuole. The formation of contractile vacuoles may be imitated in non-living systems. An extract of the sperm of the marine worm Nereis which contains a highly surface-active substance can cause the egg to divide. It seems possible that this substance may affect the surface layer of the egg and cause it to take up water. A surface-active substance has been found in all the seminal fluids examined including those of trout, rooster, bull, and man. Duponol which is highly surface-active causes the protoplasm of Spirogyra to take up water and finally dissolve but it can be restored to the gel state by treatment with Lugol solution (KI + I). The transition from gel to sol and back again can be repeated many times in succession. The behavior of water in the surface layer of the protoplasm presents important problems which deserve careful examination.

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