Formation of a surfactant adsorption layer on microroughnesses of friction surfaces

Formation of an adsorption surface layer on microneralities of friction surfaces. The model of interaction of the molecule of surface-active substance with the microasperity of friction surface has been given. It has been found that the distance of interaction and the thickness of an adsorbed layer of surface-active substances depend on value of a field of an adsorbing surface and energy of thermal oscillations of molecules of surface-active. It has been shown that the distance of interaction and the thickness of an adsorbed layer of surface-active substances decrease at magnification of temperature of working liquid.

Comparative Study on Different Modified Preparation Methods of Cellulose Nanocrystalline

Different modification process routes are used to improve the modified cellulose nanocrystalline (MCNC) with higher fatty acid by esterification reaction and graft polymerization to obtain certain hydrophobic properties. Two preparation methods, product structure and surface activity, are compared and explored. Experimental results show that the modified product is still at the nanometer level and basically retains the crystal structure of the raw cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC). The energy consumption of the two preparation methods is low; however, the esterification method with co-reactant requires short reaction time, and the degree of substitution of the product is high. The modified product prepared by grafting polymerization method has a high HLB value and amphiphilicity, which can effectively reduce the surface tension of water. Therefore, it can be used as a green and environmentally friendly surface-active substance.

Justification of binder material selection for carbon particles incorporation into fibrous electromagnetic radiation absorber

The paper presents justification of a binder material for incorporating carbon particles into the interfiber space of electromagnetic radiation absorber. A method for carbon particles incorporation into a fibrous material has been developed. It is based on applying a carbon-containing nanocomposite to the fibrous material’s surface. Previously, the research of carbon particles incorporation into a synthetic material by using an aqueous solution were carried out, which ensured a uniform distribution of carbon particles in the material structure. However, the properties of the material have changed significantly upon mechanical deformation. Therefore, the carbon particles incorporation process was investigated using various nanocomposites obtained on the basis of mixtures of vinyl acetate polymer, or epoxy polymer, or surface-active substance with carbon black. Based on the results of electron microscopic analysis and the reflection and transmission coefficients frequency dependences in the frequency range 0.7–17 GHz, the efficiency of using a nanocomposite based on a mixture of surface-active substance and carbon black to create electromagnetic radiation absorbers was justified. Such electromagnetic radiation absorbers have the transmission coefficient value about –18 dB and reflection coefficient value about –12 dB in the frequency range 7–13 GHz. Carbon-containing electromagnetic radiation absorbers based on fibrous material have thickness less than 3 mm, properties of flexibility and resistance to mechanical deformation. It can be used in various fields, in particular for hiding objects from radio frequency reconnaissance or protecting equipment from external interference.

Electrophoretic Deposition and Characteristics of Chitosan–Nanosilver Composite Coatings on a Nanotubular TiO2 Layer

The surface treatment of titanium implants has been applied mainly to increase surface bioactivity and, more recently, to introduce antibacterial properties. To this end, composite coatings have been investigated, particularly those based on hydroxyapatite. The present research was aimed at the development of another coating type, chitosan–nanosilver, deposited on a Ti13Zr13Nb alloy. The research comprised characterization of the coating’s microstructure and morphology, time-dependent nanosilver dissolution in simulated body fluid, and investigation of the nanomechanical properties of surface coatings composed of chitosan and nanosilver, with or without a surface-active substance, deposited at different voltages for 1 min on a nanotubular TiO2 layer. The microstructure, morphology, topography, and phase composition were examined, and the silver dissolution rate in simulated body fluid, nanoscale mechanical properties, and water contact angle were measured. The voltage value significantly influenced surface roughness. All specimens possessed high biocompatibility. The highest and best adhesion of the coatings was observed in the absence of a surface-active substance. Silver dissolution caused the appearance of silver ions in solution at levels effective against bacteria and below the upper safe limit value.

Herbicides effectiveness in system of weed control in maize

The influence of various herbicides and their mix for weeds reduction in maize has been studied. In the potential high weed application of base herbicides Primekstra ТZ Gold, 50 % (3.0 L/ha) or Gvardian Tetra, 67.9 % (3.5 L/ha) together with the surface-active substance – Remix (0,3 L/ha) provided weed control level on 94; 93 %, as a result maintained grain yield was 70 and 69 %, respectively. Under the conditions of the mixed type weeds max death (94 %) was observed due application post-emergence tank-mixture herbicides Primextra T Z Gold, 50 % (3.0 L/ha) and Callisto, 48 % (0.25 L/ha) as well as adjuvant elektron (0.25 L/ha) at the same time kept grain yield specified agricultural crop was 66 %.

Obtain and Application of Surface-active Substance on the Base of Products Refination of Cotton Seed Oil

The article the results of investigation on obtaining of surface-active substance -SAS on the waste cotton oil for drilling of wells and intensification of the flotation process are presented. The main component of new SAS are waste, cotton oil refinery and chemical plants. SAS have hudrophobization (waterproof) action on easy-swelling rocks (clays, argellites, alevrolits). Direct water emulsions obtained from reagents have low viscosity, high stability and low filtration index. There reagents have influence at drilling tools (that is they increase the life of drilling bits and diamond bits) [1, 2]. The study flotation enrichments of copper-molybdic ore is revealed characteristic foam-former and collector surface-active substances (NA-1) and is simulation one oily provided creation without minerals fields extraction of gold and color metals has been determined. Optimal conditions of the syntheses: ratio of main components, time of reaction, temperature and concentration have been determined. The comparison of new SAS with other foreing analogies was carried out. The main colloidal-chemical characteristic of synthesized SAS: surface activity, adsorption, viscosity, concentration of micelle- formation have been determined. Technology of obtain of anion surfaceactive substances from local organic raw material was elaborated, which by qualitative characteristics is a substitute of the import reagent collector and foam-former [4, 5]. Dependence on obtained product from the temperature of the process, time of reactions, ratio of initial components optimal concentration of NaOH was investigated. The foam forming ability of the new reagents in comparison with standard reagent T-92 was determined and it was shown that by best ability of forms destruction the methyl syloxane’s liquid and mineral oil have possessed.The intensifications of the process of flotation’s enrichment of copper-molybdic ore with using new obtain reagent NA-1 was offered.

Effect of Surfactant Compound Sprays on The Rate of Adsorption on Different Target Surfaces

The first operation of adsorption on leaf surfaces in pulverization is drop sticking. In the water wettability of the surfaces, the sticking of the drops has a great importance. Drop contact angle, contact height, and contact diameter values in the third and tenth seconds were measured with Drop Shape Analysis 10 device to determine adsorption, spreading, and sticking levels by applying mixtures of ten surface active substances including different contents with pure water to different leaf surfaces. The adsorption and sticking rates of the drops they formed on different leaf surfaces were determined for the time they are obtained from the data obtained in both time periods. Furthermore, the spreading rates of the mixtures prepared by taking into account the change rates during the last seven seconds between these two periods were determined as the sticking rate. Coating shares related to covering rates of different surface active substances with different surface properties on the surface of leaves were evaluated as possible work success according to the adsorption, spreading and sticking levels anticipated in spraying. According to their results on the application surfaces, surface active substances and leaves were evaluated statistically by the SPSS 15 program in terms of their similar properties. It has been found that surface active substance mixtures with sodium carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose contents had the largest drop contact angles and contact heights with the smallest drop contact diameters on the leaf surfaces, and a negative impact on the adsorption performance as they spread very little over seven seconds. It has been determined that drops with surface active substance including trisiloxane + allyloxypolyethyleneglycol and alcoholethoxylate, alkylphenolethoxylate have formed the smallest contact angles, minimum drop heights and largest contact diameters on the surface of the leaves, as well as increased adsorption and sticking by spreading rapidly for seven seconds.