Four Bosons Electromagnetism

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2610-2640
Author(s):  
Renato Doria ◽  
J. Chauca ◽  
I. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Variational Principle ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Gauge Parameter ◽  
Physical Situation ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Massive Photon ◽  
Vector Bosons

Based on light invariance and electric conservation a four bosons electromagnetism is proposed. It enlarges the electric charge conservation beyond displacement current and Dirac charge to a new physical situation where the electromagnetic phenomena is mediated by the usual photon plus a massive photon and two additional charged vector bosons.Considering the enlarged abelian gauge symmetry U(1) SO(2) transforming under a same gauge parameter a non-linear electromagnetism involving four bosons is introduced. It deploys a Lagrangian containing massless, massive and charged elds with three and four vector bosons interactions. The corresponding Noether's relations and classical equations of motion are studied. They provide a whole dynamics involving granular, collective terms through antisymmetric and symmetric sectors. It develops a new photon equation which extends the Maxwell's one. Self interacting photons are obtained.A four boson electromagnetic ux is derived. It expresses an electromagnetism transfering 4Q = 0 and j4Qj = 1, not more limited to just a massless photon. There is a new electromagnetic owing to be understood, where aside of electric charge conservation, it appears a neutral electromagnetism. There are six neutral electromagnetic charges beyond electric charge as consequences from non-linearity. Two are derived from the second Noether identity and four from variational continuity equations. An electromagnetic ux being conducted by a whole physics is generated. Based on elds set, it develops a determinism under the meaning of directive and circumstance. Interpreting that, light invariance concises the photon as directive, the photon becomes a whole maker. It assumes the symmetry command which will control the conservations laws and opportunities. Consequently, one combines the symmetry equation derived fromNoether theorem with the four equations derived from variational principle, and an effective photon equation is obtained. A kind of Navier-Stokes electromagnetic ow is derived. It yields a four bosons electromagnetism preserving electric charge conservation plus introducting the meaning of chance through symmetry management.

scholarly journals Spin-Valued Four Bosons Electrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 93-133
Author(s):  
R. Doria ◽  
I. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Lorentz Group ◽  
Vector Fields ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Spin Effects ◽  
Massive Photon

Electromagnetism is based on electric charge and spin. The study here corresponds to understand on spin effects at a vectorial electrodynamics. Its scenario is a non-linear abelian electromagnetism where the electric charge is transmitted through a four bosons quadruplet, constituted by the usual photon, massive photon and charged massive photons. These four bosons intermediate the charge exchange ΔQ = 0, ±1.The spin is introduced at first principles. A spintronics Lagrangian for four vector fields is performed. Considering that spin is a space-time physical entity derived from Lorentz Group, these vector fields are associated to Lorentz Group, as Lie algebra valued. Similarly to non-abelian gauge theories where Aμ≡ Aμ,ata, one introduces the relationship Aμ≡ Aμ,κλΣκλ where (Σκλ)αβ is the Lorentz Group generator. Thus, based on three fundamentals which are light invariance, electric charge conservation law and vector fields Lie algebra valued through Lorentz Group generators, one derives a spin-valued four vectorial electrodynamics. It is given by the fields quadruplet Aμ1 ≡ {Aμ, Uμ, Vμ±}  where Aμ means the usual photon, Uμ a massive photon and Vμ± massive charged photons. Two novelties appear. The first one is that, new terms are developed into usual four bosons electromagnetism. They contribute to Lagrangian, equations of motion, Noether theorem. The second one is that the equations of motion derive a renormalizable spin coupling with the electric and magnetic fields.There is a spin-1 electrodynamics to be investigated. A neutral electromagnetism is mandatory to be analyzed. Something beyond dipole, quadrupole and so on. Understand the role of spin in the electrical and magnetic properties of particles. A spin vectorial expression S-->  is obtained. It adds EM interactions not depending on electric charge and with spin interactions through electric dipole and magnetic moments.

scholarly journals Circulation and Energy Theorem Preserving Stochastic Fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D. Drivas ◽  
Darryl D. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Variational Principle ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Euler Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Fluid Models ◽  
Smooth Solutions ◽  
Stochastic Fluid Models ◽  
Natural Extensions ◽  
Stochastic Fluid ◽  
Incompressible Euler

AbstractSmooth solutions of the incompressible Euler equations are characterized by the property that circulation around material loops is conserved. This is the Kelvin theorem. Likewise, smooth solutions of Navier–Stokes are characterized by a generalized Kelvin's theorem, introduced by Constantin–Iyer (2008). In this note, we introduce a class of stochastic fluid equations, whose smooth solutions are characterized by natural extensions of the Kelvin theorems of their deterministic counterparts, which hold along certain noisy flows. These equations are called the stochastic Euler–Poincaré and stochastic Navier–Stokes–Poincaré equations respectively. The stochastic Euler–Poincaré equations were previously derived from a stochastic variational principle by Holm (2015), which we briefly review. Solutions of these equations do not obey pathwise energy conservation/dissipation in general. In contrast, we also discuss a class of stochastic fluid models, solutions of which possess energy theorems but do not, in general, preserve circulation theorems.

scholarly journals GAUGE SYMMETRY BREAKING IN A THROAT GEOMETRY

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (38) ◽  
pp. 3215-3224
Author(s):  
JACEK PAWEŁCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Susy Breaking ◽  
Abelian Gauge

We analyze behavior of D3-branes in BGMPZ throat geometry. We show that although single brane has some of the moduli stabilized multi-brane system tends to expand and form a bound state. Such a system loses non-Abelian gauge symmetry. The described mechanism is an example of gauge symmetry breaking triggered by SUSY breaking.

MAGNETOFLUID UNIFICATION IN YANG–MILLS LAGRANGIAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3630-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SULAIMAN ◽  
A. FAJARUDIN ◽  
T. P. DJUN ◽  
L. T. HANDOKO
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Lagrangian Approach ◽  
General Description ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Relativistic Fluid ◽  
Physical Consequences

The magnetofluid unification is constructed using lagrangian approach by imposing a non-Abelian gauge symmetry to the matter inside the fluid. The model provides a general description for relativistic fluid interacting with either Abelian or non-Abelian gauge field. The differences with the hybrid magnetofluid model are discussed, and some physical consequences of this formalism are briefly worked out.

Variational Principle for Slow Viscous Flow of Fluids with Anisotropic and Spatially Inhomogeneous Viscosity, Upper and Lower Bounds on the Frictional Force and Torque

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Siegfried Hess
Keyword(s):  
Variational Principle ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Frictional Force ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Antisymmetric Part ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Slow Viscous Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity Field ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous

The frictional force and torque excerted by a fluid on a solid body which performs a slow translational or rotational motion is related to the rate of entropy production. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation, a variational principle is derived for this quantity. Provided that the antisymmetric part of the viscosity tensor is smaller than its symmetric part upper and lower bounds on the force and torque are established. These bounds can be calculated with certain trial functions for the flow velocity field

Renormalization Group and Color Confinement

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (12n13) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Color Confinement

It is shown that color confinement is an inevitable consequence of an unbroken non-Abelian gauge symmetry and the resulting asymptotic freedom of quantum chromodynamics.

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