Hermitian–Yang–Mills Connections on Collapsing Elliptically Fibered K3 Surfaces

Let $$X\rightarrow {{\mathbb {P}}}^1$$ X → P 1 be an elliptically fibered K3 surface, admitting a sequence $$\omega _{i}$$ ω i of Ricci-flat metrics collapsing the fibers. Let V be a holomorphic SU(n) bundle over X, stable with respect to $$\omega _i$$ ω i . Given the corresponding sequence $$\Xi _i$$ Ξ i of Hermitian–Yang–Mills connections on V, we prove that, if E is a generic fiber, the restricted sequence $$\Xi _i|_{E}$$ Ξ i | E converges to a flat connection $$A_0$$ A 0 . Furthermore, if the restriction $$V|_E$$ V | E is of the form $$\oplus _{j=1}^n{\mathcal {O}}_E(q_j-0)$$ ⊕ j = 1 n O E ( q j - 0 ) for n distinct points $$q_j\in E$$ q j ∈ E , then these points uniquely determine $$A_0$$ A 0 .

Para-Kähler-Einstein 4-manifolds and non-integrable twistor distributions

We study the local geometry of 4-manifolds equipped with a para-Kähler-Einstein (pKE) metric, a special type of split-signature pseudo-Riemannian metric, and their associated twistor distribution, a rank 2 distribution on the 5-dimensional total space of the circle bundle of self-dual null 2-planes. For pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature this twistor distribution has exactly two integral leaves and is ‘maximally non-integrable’ on their complement, a so-called (2,3,5)-distribution. Our main result establishes a simple correspondence between the anti-self-dual Weyl tensor of a pKE metric with non-zero scalar curvature and the Cartan quartic of the associated twistor distribution. This will be followed by a discussion of this correspondence for general split-signature metrics which is shown to be much more involved. We use Cartan’s method of equivalence to produce a large number of explicit examples of pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature whose anti-self-dual Weyl tensor have special real Petrov type. In the case of real Petrov type D, we obtain a complete local classification. Combined with the main result, this produces twistor distributions whose Cartan quartic has the same algebraic type as the Petrov type of the constructed pKE metrics. In a similar manner, one can obtain twistor distributions with Cartan quartic of arbitrary algebraic type. As a byproduct of our pKE examples we naturally obtain para-Sasaki-Einstein metrics in five dimensions. Furthermore, we study various Cartan geometries naturally associated to certain classes of pKE 4-dimensional metrics. We observe that in some geometrically distinguished cases the corresponding Cartan connections satisfy the Yang-Mills equations. We then provide explicit examples of such Yang-Mills Cartan connections.

Asymptotic symmetry of four dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Maxwell theory

Asymptotic symmetry plays an important role in determining physical observables of a theory. Recently, in the context of four dimensional asymptotically flat pure gravity and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supergravity, it has been proposed that OPEs of appropriate celestial amplitudes can be used to find their asymptotic symmetries. In this paper we find the asymptotic symmetry algebras of four dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Maxwell theories using this alternative approach, namely using the OPEs of their respective celestial amplitudes. The algebra obtained here are in agreement with the known results in the literature.

Long and short distance behavior of the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential

The imaginary part of the effective heavy-quark potential can be related to the total in-medium decay width of of heavy quark-antiquark bound states. We extract the static limit of this quantity using classical-statistical simulations of the real-time Yang-Mills dynamics by measuring the temporal decay of Wilson loops. By performing the simulations on finer and larger lattices we are able to show that the nonperturbative results follow the same form as the perturbative ones. For large quark-antiquark separations, we quantify the magnitude of the non-perturbative long-range corrections to the imaginary part of the heavy-quark potential. We present our results for a wide range of temperatures, lattice spacings, and lattice volumes. We also extract approximations for the short-distance behavior of the classical potential.

Multi-soliton dynamics of anti-self-dual gauge fields

We study dynamics of multi-soliton solutions of anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations for G = GL(2, ℂ) in four-dimensional spaces. The one-soliton solution can be interpreted as a codimension-one soliton in four-dimensional spaces because the principal peak of action density localizes on a three-dimensional hyperplane. We call it the soliton wall. We prove that in the asymptotic region, the n-soliton solution possesses n isolated localized lumps of action density, and interpret it as n intersecting soliton walls. More precisely, each action density lump is essentially the same as a soliton wall because it preserves its shape and “velocity” except for a position shift of principal peak in the scattering process. The position shift results from the nonlinear interactions of the multi-solitons and is called the phase shift. We calculate the phase shift factors explicitly and find that the action densities can be real-valued in three kind of signatures. Finally, we show that the gauge group can be G = SU(2) in the Ultrahyperbolic space 𝕌 (the split signature (+, +, −, −)). This implies that the intersecting soliton walls could be realized in all region in N=2 string theories. It is remarkable that quasideterminants dramatically simplify the calculations and proofs.

The Yang-Mills heat equation with finite action in three dimensions

The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation is proven over R 3 \mathbb {R}^3 and over a bounded open convex set in R 3 \mathbb {R}^3 . The initial data is taken to lie in the Sobolev space of order one half, which is the critical Sobolev index for this equation over a three dimensional manifold. The existence is proven by solving first an augmented, strictly parabolic equation and then gauge transforming the solution to a solution of the Yang-Mills heat equation itself. The gauge functions needed to carry out this procedure lie in the critical gauge group of Sobolev regularity three halves, which is a complete topological group in a natural metric but is not a Hilbert Lie group. The nature of this group must be understood in order to carry out the reconstruction procedure. Solutions to the Yang-Mills heat equation are shown to be strong solutions modulo these gauge functions. Energy inequalities and Neumann domination inequalities are used to establish needed initial behavior properties of solutions to the augmented equation.

Yang-Mills observables: from KMOC to eikonal through EFT

We obtain a conservative Hamiltonian describing the interactions of two charged bodies in Yang-Mills through $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^2\right) $$ O α 2 and to all orders in velocity. Our calculation extends a recently-introduced framework based on scattering amplitudes and effective field theory (EFT) to consider color-charged objects. These results are checked against the direct integration of the observables in the Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell (KMOC) formalism. At the order we consider we find that the linear and color impulses in a scattering event can be concisely described in terms of the eikonal phase, thus extending the domain of applicability of a formula originally proposed in the context of spinning particles.