scholarly journals Internal displacement in Afghanistan : new challenges : beyond the human tragedy stemming from massive displacement of the population in Afghanistan, this phenomenon is having a profound impact upon the structure of traditional Afghan society : Policy Brief / HPCR Central Asia.

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Human Tragedy

An Overview of Normative Frameworks for the Protection of Development-Induced IDPs in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-47
Author(s):  
Laurence Juma
Keyword(s):  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Quality Of Protection ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Domestic Level ◽  
Implementation Programme

Abstract Based on the assumption that development induced displacement brings new challenges that the existing protection frameworks may not be aptly suited to deal with, this article analyses how the existing laws have met this challenge and the prospects for further improvement. While its focus is on Kenya, it evaluates the normative quality of protection and standards offered by regional instruments against the existing, as well emerging, parameters for implementation at the domestic level. In this regard, the article examines the propriety of Kenya’s newly promulgated law on internal displacement in providing for protection for the development induced IDPs, the implementation programme that it establishes and its prospects for furthering the vision of the UN Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced and other regional instruments.

scholarly journals The Book about the Origin of the Yakuts and their Traditional Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Stolyarov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Far Eastern

The author reviews the monograph of A.I. Gogolev “The Origin of the Sakha people and their traditional culture” (2018), the study of the ethnogenesis of the Yakut people (native name — Sakha) and the origins of their material and spiritual culture. For the sources, the author of the book used archaeological, ethnographic, linguistic and historical data of the entire Central Asia and Far Eastern area, as well as the adjacent and remote areas. A.I. Gogolev studied particularly carefully the area of Central Lena, because that area has become ethnic forming for the people of Sakha. The author discovered the Scythian-Siberian, ancient Altai and Hunnic roots of the Sakha culture, traced the formation of its basis under the infl uence of ancient and medieval Turkic tribes of Southern Siberia, Central Asia and the Baikal region. In the latter respect, A.I. Gogolev paid special attention to the historical and cultural ties of the Yakuts with the Turkic-speaking peoples of Southern Siberia and the Buryats. The researchers face the new challenges: to achieve fi nal clarity on the question who were ethnically the indigenous aborigines of the Middle Lena, to determine what impact on the spiritual and material culture of the Yakuts had the oldest religion — Tengrism, and to study more thoroughly the origins of the writing of the Sakha people.

scholarly journals BuddhistRoadPaper 5.6 "Light on ‘Art in the Dark’: On Buddhist Practice and Worship in the Mogao Caves"

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik H. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Buddhist Practice ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Buddhist Ritual ◽  
Cave Art ◽  
Ritual Practices

This piece has partly been written in response to a series of claims put forward by Robert Sharf almost a decade ago in his article Art in the Dark in which he argues that the Buddhist caves in Dunhuang (and elsewhere in China and Central Asia) were not for worship, but were created as a sort of ancestral memorials, or decorated mausoleums meant to be left in the dark. Given that the implications of such reading of Buddhist cave-art in the Sinitic cultural-sphere would surely have a profound impact on our overall understanding of Buddhist ritual practices and cave-art, should Sharf’s readings turn out to be correct, the evidence and speculations he uses as underpinnings for his line of argument in particular merit closer scrutiny. Moreover, as he touches upon a range of other related issues, all of which concern Buddhist ritual practices one way or another, it seems worthwhile to devote a lengthier essay to a more detailed discussion.

scholarly journals Singing in the Wilderness

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ker ◽  
Jacob Locke
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Tattooed Women ◽  
Pastoral Economy

The word kuchi conjures up a romantic but ultimately anachronistic lifestyle—tattooed women in red and gold embroidered dresses and men riding alongside flocks of goat and sheep; the reality, however, differs starkly. The past two decades of armed conflict, poverty and socioeconomic change have had a profound impact on Afghanistan’s kuchi nomads, and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) have identified them as one of the country’s largest vulnerable populations.1 In contemporary academia, though, there has been a dearth of literature that links issues particularly salient to the kuchi—the pastoral economy, internal displacement, and their relations with the Afghan government as well as other societal groups—to Afghanistan’s reconstruction and development. Modernity requires that the kuchi no longer be distinct and removed from the Afghan state. Kuchi participation and representation in government is the necessary first step for their issues to be effectively addressed; at the same time, cautious measures must be taken to preserve their culture and distinctive lifestyle.

COVID-19: NEW CHALLENGES FOR CENTRAL ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 060-071
Author(s):  
Sergey Zhiltsov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact

In 2020, Central Asian countries faced new challenges that are bound to have a huge impact on the development of the region. The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has posed the region’s countries with the need to find mechanisms for adapting the economy and social sphere to the new reality. Despite the difficulties, regional states were able to respond quickly enough to the pandemic and tried to minimize the economic and social consequences. Application of quarantine measures and various restrictions, i.e., border closures and the termination of transport links have yielded positive results. These measures have reduced the incidence of sickness and mortality in all countries. At the same time, they encountered a decline in key macroeconomic indicators. Inflation rate, tumbling GDP and rising unemployment were observed in all Central Asian states. The pandemic has negatively impacted bilateral and multilateral relations of the Central Asian countries. The level of trade and economic relations was lowered, the volume of transported goods decreased. The countries of Central Asia were forced to structure their foreign policy in a new way, which factors in the complicated economic situation in each of the states. Specifically, one of the new trends is the active use of multilateral and bilateral mechanisms of interaction with nonregional states. Despite the steps taken, the countries of the region managed to stabilize the economic situation for a short time. By the fall of 2020, the epidemiological situation remained problematic in the countries of Central Asia. This forced them to develop new measures to support specific sectors of the economy and preserve social and economic stability. The countries did not rule out the introduction of new restrictions and the development of additional economic support measures for the essential sectors of the economy. The slowdown in economic growth in 2020 and the lack of prerequisites for the improvement of the situation do not allow us to expect changes in the region in 2021. The Central Asian states may face a further drop in production volumes, increased unemployment, decreased domestic demand, and inflation. Economic problems in each of the Central Asian countries will negatively affect the geopolitical situation and serve as an obstacle for multilateral interaction of the Central Asian states. Finally, there is still no clear understanding of the impact of the coronavirus on the economies of Central Asia. There are also no calculations that would show how effective the measures taken in the fight against COVID-19 were, and most importantly, it is unclear what resources may be required if the epidemic continues.

New challenges to image processing posed by cryo-Electron microscopy of single particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
Joachim Frank
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Particle Images

Compared with images of negatively stained single particle specimens, those obtained by cryo-electron microscopy have the following new features: (a) higher “signal” variability due to a higher variability of particle orientation; (b) reduced signal/noise ratio (S/N); (c) virtual absence of low-spatial-frequency information related to elastic scattering, due to the properties of the phase contrast transfer function (PCTF); and (d) reduced resolution due to the efforts of the microscopist to boost the PCTF at low spatial frequencies, in his attempt to obtain recognizable particle images.

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