scholarly journals Who gets the HANPP (Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production)? Biomass distribution and the bio-economy in the Tana Delta, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Temper
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Plantation Economy ◽  
Induced Changes

The Tana Delta, on the east coast of Kenya near Somalia, comprises riverine mangrove forests, wetlands and rangelands and is home to a range of indigenous pastoralist, farmer and fisher communities, whose traditional multi-user livelihood strategies have helped preserve exceptional local biodiversity. This study assesses conflicts over biomass through an analysis of Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP), an indicator used by system ecologists that quantifies human-induced changes on the productivity and harvest of biomass flows. HANPP is calculated by seeing how much of the net primary production (NPP) of biomass flows created through solar energy are appropriated by human activity, and how much is left in the ecosystems for other species. In this article we introduce calculations of the HANPP in political ecology by studying not only the distribution of biomass between humans and non-humans but also (and this is the main point) between different groups or social classes of humans. We also ask what alliances are being made to protect biodiversity and keep livelihoods intact. In a sugar cane plantation economy, biomass production and the proportion appropriated by humans may increase, the Orma pastoralists and the Pokomo farmers would be dispossessed, less biomass would be available for local 'wild' biodiversity, and a much larger proportion of the NPP would be exported as sugar or ethanol.Key words: Human appropriation of biomass; bioeconomy; biodiversity; property rights; pastoralists; sugar cane; wetlands.

Current Methods to Evaluate Net Primary Production and Carbon Budgets in Mangrove Forests

2015 ◽  
pp. 243-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽  
Edward Castañeda-Moya ◽  
Jordan G. Barr ◽  
Vic Engel ◽  
Jose D. Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Carbon Budgets

scholarly journals Climate engineering and the ocean: effects on biogeochemistry and primary production

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5675-5691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siv K. Lauvset ◽  
Jerry Tjiputra ◽  
Helene Muri
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate Engineering ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive biogeochemistry to project future ocean biogeochemistry impacts from the large-scale deployment of three different radiation management (RM) climate engineering (also known as geoengineering) methods: stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine sky brightening (MSB), and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT). We apply RM such that the change in radiative forcing in the RCP8.5 emission scenario is reduced to the change in radiative forcing in the RCP4.5 scenario. The resulting global mean sea surface temperatures in the RM experiments are comparable to those in RCP4.5, but there are regional differences. The forcing from MSB, for example, is applied over the oceans, so the cooling of the ocean is in some regions stronger for this method of RM than for the others. Changes in ocean net primary production (NPP) are much more variable, but SAI and MSB give a global decrease comparable to RCP4.5 (∼ 6 % in 2100 relative to 1971–2000), while CCT gives a much smaller global decrease of ∼ 3 %. Depending on the RM methods, the spatially inhomogeneous changes in ocean NPP are related to the simulated spatial change in the NPP drivers (incoming radiation, temperature, availability of nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass) but mostly dominated by the circulation changes. In general, the SAI- and MSB-induced changes are largest in the low latitudes, while the CCT-induced changes tend to be the weakest of the three. The results of this work underscore the complexity of climate impacts on NPP and highlight the fact that changes are driven by an integrated effect of multiple environmental drivers, which all change in different ways. These results stress the uncertain changes to ocean productivity in the future and advocate caution at any deliberate attempt at large-scale perturbation of the Earth system.

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground production in young and mature Abiesamabilis zone ecosystems of the Washington Cascades

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Grier ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt ◽  
Michael R. Keyes ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Production ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Below Ground

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground net primary production were determined for 23- and 180-year-old Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes ecosystems growing at 1200-m elevation in the western Washington Cascade Range. Total organic matter accumulations were 427.0 t•ha−1 in the young stand, and 1247.1 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Aboveground tree and detritus biomass were 49.0 t•ha−1 and 130.2 t•ha−1, respectively, in the young stand compared with 445.5 t•ha−1 and 389.4 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Net primary production (NPP) was 18.3 t•ha−1 in the young stand and 16.8 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Belowground dry matter production was 65% of total net production in the young stand and 73% of total net production in the mature stand. Conifer fine root production was 35.9% of NPP in the young and 66.4% of NPP in the mature stand. This apparent shift in fine root production as a proportion of NPP may be related to detritus accumulation.

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