Fecal shedding of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Salmonella organisms, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from llamas in California

Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms

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Evaluation of Commercial β-Agonists, Dietary Protein, and Shade on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Feedlot Cattle

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease ◽

10.1089/fpd.2017.2313 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James E. Wells ◽

Elaine D. Berry ◽

Minseok Kim ◽

Steven D. Shackelford ◽

Kristin E. Hales

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding

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Long-Haul Transport and Lack of Preconditioning Increases Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Calves†

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-67.4.672 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 672-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

S. J. BACH ◽

T. A. McALLISTER ◽

G. J. MEARS ◽

K. S. SCHWARTZKOPF-GENSWEIN

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

E Coli ◽

Susceptibility To Infection

The effects of weaning and transport on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and on E. coli O157:H7 were investigated using 80 Angus and 94 Charolais range steer calves blocked by breed and assigned to four treatments. The calves were or were not preconditioned before transport on commercial cattle liner to the feedlot via long (15 h) or short (3 h) hauling duration, yielding preconditioned long haul (P-L; n = 44), preconditioned short haul (P-S; n = 44), nonpreconditioned long haul (NP-L; n = 43), and nonpreconditioned short haul (NP-S; n = 43). Preconditioned calves were vaccinated and weaned 29 and 13 days, respectively, before transport. Nonpreconditioned calves were weaned 1 day before long or short hauling, penned for 24 h and hauled again for 2 h, and vaccinated on arrival at the feedlot. Fecal samples were collected from calves while on pasture, at weaning, at loading for transport, on arrival at the feedlot, twice in the first week, and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 for enumeration of total E. coli (biotype 1) and detection of E. coli O157:H7. No calves were positive for E. coli O157:H7 before transport. Following transport, more (P < 0.005) NP-L calves (6 of 43) tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 than did P-L (1 of 44), NP-S (1 of 43), or P-S (0 of 44) calves, and on days 0, 1, 7, and 21, their levels of shedding of E. coli were higher (P < 0.005). The calves' susceptibility to infection from the environment (possibly the holding facilities or feedlot pens) was likely elevated by the stresses of weaning, transport, and relocation. Lack of preconditioning and long periods of transport (NP-L) increased fecal shedding of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7. Preconditioning may serve to reduce E. coli O157:H7 shedding by range calves on arrival at the feedlot.

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Influence of Exogenous Triiodothyronine (T3) on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in Cattle

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-006-9159-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 664-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tom S. Edrington ◽

Todd R. Callaway ◽

Dennis M. Hallford ◽

Robin C. Anderson ◽

David J. Nisbet

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding

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Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in North Dakota Feedlot Cattle in the Fall and Spring

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1154 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1154-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

MARGARET L. KHAITSA ◽

MARC L. BAUER ◽

GREGORY P. LARDY ◽

DAWN K. DOETKOTT ◽

REDEMPTA B. KEGODE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

North Dakota ◽

The United States ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Early Spring ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

E Coli

Cattle are an important reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which can lead to contamination of food and water, and subsequent human disease. E. coli O157:H7 shedding in cattle has been reported as seasonal, with more animals shedding during summer and early fall than during winter. North Dakota has relatively cold weather, especially in winter and early spring, compared with many other regions of the United States. The objective was to assess fecal shedding of E. coli O157: H7 in North Dakota feedlot cattle over the fall, winter, and early spring. One hundred forty-four steers were assigned randomly to 24 pens on arrival at the feedlot. Samples of rectal feces were obtained from each steer four times (October and November 2003, and March and April 2004) during finishing. On arrival (October 2003), 2 (1.4%) of 144 cattle were shedding E. coli O157:H7. The shedding increased significantly to 10 (6.9%) of 144 after 28 days (November 2003), to 76 (53%) of 143 at the third sampling (March 2004), and dropped significantly to 30 (21%) of 143 at the fourth (last) sampling (March 2004) before slaughter. Unfortunately, we were unable to sample the cattle during winter because of the extreme weather conditions. Sampling time significantly (P < 0.0001) influenced variability in E. coli O157:H7 shedding, whereas herd (P = 0.08) did not. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 shedding in North Dakota steers in fall and early spring was comparable to what has been reported in other parts of the United States with relatively warmer weather. Further research into E. coli O157:H7 shedding patterns during extreme weather such as North Dakota winters is warranted in order to fully assess the seasonal effect on the risk level of this organism.

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Dry-rolled or steam-flaked grain-based diets and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2006-079 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 1207-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

J. T. Fox ◽

B. E. Depenbusch ◽

J. S. Drouillard ◽

T. G. Nagaraja

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding

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The effect of fasting and diet on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-025 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 741-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. J. Buchko ◽

R. A. Holley ◽

W. O. Olson ◽

V. P. J. Gannon ◽

D. M. Veira

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Key Words ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

E Coli ◽

Feed Withdrawal ◽

Alfalfa Silage ◽

Key Words Escherichia Coli

Cattle naturally infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used to assess the effects of diet and feed withdrawal on the fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Animals were fed an 80% concentrate diet (80% barley and 20% alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, fed a 100% forage diet (alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, and subsequently re-fed 100% forage (alfalfa silage). There were no differences in the numbers of animals positive for the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 when fed an 80% barley diet or an all-forage diet (P > 0.05) or during the fasting periods following each diet (P > 0.05). Upon re-feeding an all-forage diet following a 48-h fast, animals positive for E. coli O157:H7 shedding increased (P < 0.05), with 42.5% of the animals shedding the pathogen after 5 d. Re-feeding 100% forage following fasting appeared to have increased the number of animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 in their feces, which may have been influenced by diet in addition to fasting. Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, fasting, diet, cattle, fecal shedding

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Evaluation of the impact of quorum sensing transcriptional regulator SdiA on long-term persistence and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in weaned calves

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2013.02.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V.K. Sharma ◽

S.M.D. Bearson

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Transcriptional Regulator ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

The Impact

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Effect of Forage or Grain Diets with or without Monensin on Ruminal Persistence and Fecal Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.9.5336-5342.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (9) ◽

pp. 5336-5342 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

M. J. Van Baale ◽

J. M. Sargeant ◽

D. P. Gnad ◽

B. M. DeBey ◽

K. F. Lechtenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

E Coli ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Forage Diets

ABSTRACT Twelve ruminally cannulated cattle, adapted to forage or grain diet with or without monensin, were used to investigate the effects of diet and monensin on concentration and duration of ruminal persistence and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were ruminally inoculated with a strain of E. coli O157:H7 (1010 CFU/animal) made resistant to nalidixic acid (Nalr). Ruminal and fecal samples were collected for 11 weeks, and then cattle were euthanized and necropsied and digesta from different gut locations were collected. Samples were cultured for detection and enumeration of Nalr E. coli O157:H7. Cattle fed forage diets were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 in the feces for longer duration (P < 0.05) than cattle fed a grain diet. In forage-fed cattle, the duration they remained culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 was shorter (P < 0.05) when the diet included monensin. Generally, ruminal persistence of Nalr E. coli O157:H7 was not affected by diet or monensin. At necropsy, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in cecal and colonic digesta but not from the rumen. Our study showed that cattle fed a forage diet were culture positive longer and with higher numbers than cattle on a grain diet. Monensin supplementation decreased the duration of shedding with forage diet, and the cecum and colon were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 more often than the rumen of cattle.

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