Angle between the patellar ligament and tibial plateau in dogs with partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Schwandt ◽  
Alejandra Bohorquez-Vanelli ◽  
Slobodan Tepic ◽  
Michael Hassig ◽  
Renate Dennler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Partial Rupture ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament

scholarly journals Radiographic assessment of the proximal tibial angles in dogs and cats with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia D.P. Arruda ◽  
Leonardo A.L. Muzzi ◽  
Antonio C.C. Lacreta Junior ◽  
Ruthnéa A.L. Muzzi ◽  
Gabriela R. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Common Tangent ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tangent Method ◽  
Healthy Dogs

ABSTRACT: The influence of the proximal tibial angles in the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs is still controversial, and little is known regarding this topic in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the angles of the proximal portion of the tibia in dogs and cats with and without CCL rupture. Retrospective and prospective radiographs of the stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups. Group 1 was composed of 70 stifle joint images of dogs without orthopedic disorders (healthy dogs), group 2 had 70 stifle joint images of dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 had 50 stifle joint images of cats without orthopedic disorders (healthy cats) and group 4 had 25 stifle joint images of cats with CCL rupture. Radiographs were taken with the stifle joint in the mediolateral projection, positioned at the angle of hind limb support. Between the two groups of dogs evaluated, the dogs with CCL rupture had statistically greater tibial plateau angle (TPA) compared with healthy dogs. No difference was shown in relation to the TPA between healthy cats and cats with CCL rupture. In relation to the patellar ligament angle by tibial plateau method the values for the healthy dogs were significantly higher than those for the CCL ruptured dogs. Similarly, healthy cats had significantly higher mean values than cats with CCL rupture. In the patellar ligament angle by common tangent method there was no significantly difference between the two groups of dogs. Between the two groups of cats, animals with CCL rupture had statistically higher mean values than healthy cats. In general, the groups of dogs showed higher mean values than the groups of cats. For the patellar ligament insertion angle (PLIA) healthy dogs showed a significantly higher mean than dogs with CCL rupture. There was no significant difference between the groups of cats. In conclusion, the TPA and the PLIA possibly influence the etiology of CCL rupture in dogs but not in cats. The low patellar ligament angle measured by common tangent method may favorably influence the reduced incidence of CCL rupture in cats.

scholarly journals Comparison of the proximal tibial angles between Labrador Retrievers and other dog breeds with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. D. P. Arruda ◽  
L. A. L. Muzzi ◽  
R. A. L. Muzzi ◽  
A. C. C. Lacreta Júnior ◽  
G. Oberlender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Insertion Angle ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

ABSTRACTThe influence of the proximal tibia conformation in the rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs is still controversial, especially in Labrador Retrievers. The aim of this study was to compare the angles of the proximal tibia between Labrador Retrievers and other large breeds of dogs, both groups with and without CCL rupture. Radiographic images of 64 stifle joints were obtained and divided into four groups of 16 images. Group 1 consisted of Labrador dogs without orthopedic disorders, group 2 consisted of Labrador dogs with CCL rupture, group 3 consisted of dogs of various large breeds without orthopedic disorders, and group 4 consisted of dogs of various large breeds with CCL rupture. The radiographs were performed in mediolateral projection with the stifle joint positioned at an approximate angle of 135°. The tibial plateau angle showed an overall average of 22.17°±4.20°, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the tibial plateau had a mean of 103°±4.20°, and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4. The patellar ligament angle in relation to the common tangent at the tibiofemoral contact point showed an average of 99.06°±6.08°, and there was no difference between the groups. The patellar ligament insertion angle had an overall average of 51.45°±5.06°, and there was a significant difference between the two groups of normal dogs and two groups of ruptured dogs. In conclusion, the tibial plateau angle, the patellar ligament angles and the patellar ligament insertion angle do not seem to be predisposing factors for rupture of the CCL in Labrador Retriever dogs. In general, there seems to be no relationship between the angles of the proximal tibia and the CCL rupture in dogs.

scholarly journals Radiographic changes of the patellar ligament in dogs after tibial tuberosity advancement

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Ladislav Stehlík ◽  
Pavel Proks ◽  
Petra Fedorová ◽  
Alois Nečas
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Patellar desmopathy in dogs after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy has been described in many studies. Tibial tuberosity advancement is a biomechanically different technique. It is assumed that the patellar ligament is loaded with little force similarly as after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Various aspects related to secondary patellar desmopathy are not completely understood. This study deals with computed radiography measurement of patellar ligament thickness after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The thickness of the patellar ligament in exactly predetermined locations was measured from mediolateral radiographs of stifle joints. A total of 18 dogs (20 knee joints) with cranial cruciate ligament (ligamentum cruciatum craniale) rupture underwent three radiographic examinations of the knee (preoperative examination and control examination 7 and 15 weeks after the surgery). Significant difference was found between the thickness of the patellar ligament in the first and second examinations. Some of the demographic factors possibly related to patellar ligament thickness (age, sex, body weight, type of cranial cruciate ligament rupture, arthrotomy, cage size, meniscal injury, time between surgery and radiographic examination) were analyzed. However, statistical analyses did not show any effect of these factors on the thickness of the patellar ligament, except for the time between surgery and radiographic examination. These findings can extend the surgeons’ knowledge of biomechanical aspects of tibial tuberosity advancement.

Effect of the Centre of Rotation in Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy on Quadriceps Tensile Force: An Ex Vivo Study in Canine Cadavers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Ochi ◽  
Tom Ichinohe ◽  
Takaharu Hakozaki ◽  
Shuji Suzuki ◽  
Yasuji Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Centre Of Rotation

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the centre of rotation in tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) on the tensile force of the quadriceps. Materials and Methods Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy was performed on the left pelvic limbs from 20 normal adult Beagle cadavers. To replicate the tensile force of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius and stifle flexor muscles, these muscles were replaced with wires. The tensile force of each wire, cranial tibial displacement and internal tibial rotation were measured under the following conditions: intact cranial cruciate ligament, transected cranial cruciate ligament, ideally centred osteotomy TPLO (ICO group) and distally centred osteotomy TPLO (DCO group). The ratios of the tensile forces for the wires divided by the vertical force were used for analyses. Results The mean intact and post-TPLO tibial plateau angles (TPA) in the ICO group were 30.3° ± 1.9° and 6.1° ± 1.6°, respectively, and those in the DCO group were 29.8° ± 2.4° and 6.8° ± 0.9°, respectively. The mean quadriceps tensile force after TPLO was significantly greater in the DCO group (3.9 ± 0.3) than the ICO group (3.3 ± 0.4) (p = 0.006). Both groups exhibited tibial caudal displacement after TPLO. Clinical Relevance The tensile force of the quadriceps muscles changed in accordance with the centre of the osteotomy in TPLO. The DCO group had increased tensile force, which may cause patellar ligament thickening after TPLO. Setting the postoperative TPA at 6° may cause excessive rotation in patients with a normal tensile force of the stifle flexor muscles.

scholarly journals Combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transposition for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Leonard ◽  
Michael Kowaleski ◽  
William Saunders ◽  
Robert McCarthy ◽  
Randy Boudrieau
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Additional Surgery

SummaryObjectives: To describe the surgical technique and report short-term outcome for combined tibial plateau levelling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity transposition (TPLO-TTT) as an option in the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation.Methods: Medical records were reviewed (2011–2013) of dogs that underwent a standard tibial plateau levelling osteotomy followed by a tibial tuberosity transposition in the frontal plane and stabilized with pin and tension-band wire fixation as a component of surgical treatment for combined cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency and medial patellar luxation. Signalment, fixation method together with any ancillary procedures, function at the in-hospital follow-up examinations, and any complications were recorded. Healing was assessed retrospectively based on the grading criteria of the International Society Of Limb Salvage.Results: Fifteen stifle joints in 11 dogs were identified; 13 stifles were available for in hospital follow-up. All 13 achieved union (3 with grade III/IV and 10 with grade IV/IV radiographic healing scores); mean time to healing was 10.6 (± 2.9) weeks. Patellar ligament thickening was also identified radio-graphically in seven of the 13 of stifle joints. All dogs were reported to have mild or no lameness at their last follow-up examination. No catastrophic or major postoperative complications occurred that required additional surgery. Patellar re-luxation did not occur in any of the 13 stifles available for in-hospital follow-up.Clinical significance: The TPLO-TTT was found to be a reliable and effective technique when used as a part of the treatment of combined cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with concomitant medial patellar luxation in this series of dogs.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-12-0195.

Determination of Graft Forces for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Dog

1996 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hulse ◽  
M. R. Slater ◽  
J. F. Hunter ◽  
W. A. Hyman ◽  
B. A. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Graft Fixation ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Insertion

SummaryA test apparatus that allowed the stifle to move in five degrees of freedom was used to determine the effect of graft location, graft preload, and flexion angle at the time of graft fixation on the tensile graft forces experienced by a replacement graft material used to simulate reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Two graft locations (tibial insertion site of the patellar ligament and tibial insertion site of the cranial cruciate ligament), two graft preloads (5 N and 20 N), and three flexion angles at the time of graft fixation (15°, 30° and 90°) were examined. The tibial insertion site and preload did not have as great an effect on graft force as did the flexion angle of the limb at time of graft fixation. Graft forces were highest when reconstructions were performed with the limb in 90° of flexion (ρ <0.0001). This study supports the notion that intracapsular grafts should be fixed with the limb in a normal standing angle.A five degree of freedom test apparatus was used to evaluate the effect of graft location, graft preload, and limb flexion angle at time of graft fixation on reconstructions of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Our results suggest that intracapsular grafts should not be fixed with the limb in 90° of flexion, but in a normal standing angle.

An in vitro Comparison of Two Replacement Techniques Utilizing Fascia Lata after Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in the Dog

1993 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fascia Lata ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Replacement Technique ◽  
Over The Top

SummaryThe immediate postoperative biomechanical properties of an “underand-over” cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) replacement technique consisting of fascia lata and the lateral onethird of the patellar ligament, were compared with that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The right CCL in twelve adult dogs was dissected out and replaced with an autograft. The contralateral, intact CCL served as the control. In group A, the graft was secured to the lateral femoral condyle with a spiked washer and screw. In group B the intracapsular graft was secured to the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament, and the remainder to the patellar tendon. Both CCL replacement techniques exhibited a 2.0 ± 0.5 mm anterior drawer immediately after the operation. After skeletonization of the stifles, the length and cross-sectional area of the intact CCL and CCL substitutes were determined. Each bone-ligament unit was tested in linear tension to failure at a fixed distraction rate of 15 mm/s with the stifle in 120° flexion. Data was processed to obtain the corresponding material parameters (modulus, stress and strain in the linear loading region, and energy absorption to maximum load).The immediate postoperative structural and material properties of the “under-and-over” cranial cruciate ligament replacement technique with autogenous fascia lata, were compared to that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The combined UOT T technique was slightly stronger (6%), but allowed 2.8 ± 0.9 mm more cranial tibial displacement at maximum linear force.

scholarly journals Use of the modified Insall Salvati method for determination of vertical patellar position in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture considering the morphology of the cranio-proximal tibia

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Kňazovický ◽  
Valent Ledecký ◽  
Marián Hluchý ◽  
Marek Ďurej
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Insertion Point ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the modified Insall Salvati (IS) method can be applied for the canine patient despite differences of proximal tibial morphology, and if such potential differences are also seen in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Insall Salvati method is a simple and convenient method for determination of the vertical position of patella, by dividing the length of patella by length of the patellar ligament. The influence of the variable proximal tibial morphology on the modified (IS) index was measured and the value of modified IS index in healthy dogs (n = 25) was compared with dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (n = 26). Medio-lateral radiographs of 102 stifles were evaluated. Patellar ligament length (PLL), patellar length (PL), modified IS ratio and the height of insertion point of patellar ligament on tibial tuberosity were measured. Data of the IS ratio were compared with the value of the height of the insertion point with no significant difference (P = 0.36). There was no significant difference (P = 0.07) in the PLL:PL ratio between dogs affected or unaffected with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Based on the results of this study we can conclude that the morphology of the cranio-proximal tibia and the height of insertion point of the patellar ligament do not have an influence on the value of the modified IS index both in healthy dogs and in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Conformation of the proximal tibia and cranial cruciate ligament disease in small breed dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kyllar ◽  
Duncan Midgley ◽  
Martin Owen ◽  
Jan Janovec
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease ◽  
Small Breed

SummaryObjectives: To investigate the conformation of the proximal tibia in small breed dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and to identify morphologic abnormalities that may predispose to development of CCLD.Methods: Mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg with surgically confirmed CCLD were retrospectively evaluated. Proximal tibial width (PTW), tibial plateau length (TPL), tibial plateau angle as described by Slocum and Slocum (sTPA), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle as described by Inauen and colleagues (nTPA), and diaphyseal tibial width (DTW) were measured. The same variables were obtained from mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg without CCLD. In addition, a quotient nTPA/ PTW, relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and relative body weight (rBW) were calculated for each dog. Independent two-sample t-test (p = 0.05) was used to compare mean ± SD of all measured variables between the two groups.Results: Gender, age, and weight mean ± SD were not significantly different between the two groups of dogs (p <0.05). Dogs with CCLD had significantly greater sTPA (p = 0.015) and rBW (p = 0.016).Clinical significance: In dogs of small breeds, a combination of an excessively steep tibial plateau and an increased relative body weight may predispose to early CCLD development. The slope of the tibial plateau was found to be caused by an abnormal caudal angulation of the proximal tibia, a phenomenon previously associated with CCLD development in small breed dogs in individual cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document