Dynamic Chinese Text on a Single-Line Display: Effects of Presentation Mode

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1021-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong-King Shieh ◽  
Sheng-Hsiung Hsu ◽  
Yu-Chao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Text Difficulty ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Chinese Texts

There are many technologies with which users must read text from small-screen electronic devices. So, understanding the constraints and optimization of humans' use of these devices is important. In the present study, the optimal ways to display Chinese text on a single-line display were explored. 64 Chinese-speaking Taiwanese undergraduates participated in a 4 × 2 mixed design in which the presentation mode was a between-subjects factor and the text difficulty was a within-subjects factor. Four presentation modes in which two presentation formats, i.e., leading and rapid serial visual presentation, combined with two text layouts, i.e., convention and Interword spacing, were investigated. Chinese texts of High Difficulty and Low Difficulty were compared. The results showed that the leading format with Interword spacing resulted in greater reading efficiency and faster preferred reading speed than other presentation modes. Although the reading efficiency and preferred reading speed for Low Difficulty materials were significantly greater than for High Difficulty materials, the interaction between the presentation mode and text difficulty was not significant. The applications for presenting moving Chinese text on a single-line display are briefly discussed.

How to Design and Deliver Stories about Tourism Destinations

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hyeong Kim ◽  
Hyewon Youn
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Memory Recall ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Story Elements

The benefits of utilizing storytelling at tourism destinations have been widely discussed, yet despite recent advances, it remains unclear which story elements comprise a good destination story and what the most effective modes are for story presentation. The current study examines the influence of story elements and presentation modes on memory performance and visit intention to the destination described in the story. The results show that the story elements of authentic cues and positive emotion increased the subjects’ perceived memory of the story and their visit intention. Moreover, subjects exposed to an audio-visual presentation mode demonstrated better perceived memory recall and higher visit intention. In today’s fiercely competitive climate, many tourism destinations use stories to attract visitors, and these findings can provide insights for destination managers and marketers to help them better utilize storytelling at their destinations.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

scholarly journals Applying the Bell’s Test to Chinese Texts

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Igor A. Bessmertny ◽  
Xiaoxi Huang ◽  
Aleksei V. Platonov ◽  
Chuqiao Yu ◽  
Julia A. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Chinese Text ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Text Segmentation ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Chinese Texts

Search engines are able to find documents containing patterns from a query. This approach can be used for alphabetic languages such as English. However, Chinese is highly dependent on context. The significant problem of Chinese text processing is the missing blanks between words, so it is necessary to segment the text to words before any other action. Algorithms for Chinese text segmentation should consider context; that is, the word segmentation process depends on other ideograms. As the existing segmentation algorithms are imperfect, we have considered an approach to build the context from all possible n-grams surrounding the query words. This paper proposes a quantum-inspired approach to rank Chinese text documents by their relevancy to the query. Particularly, this approach uses Bell’s test, which measures the quantum entanglement of two words within the context. The contexts of words are built using the hyperspace analogue to language (HAL) algorithm. Experiments fulfilled in three domains demonstrated that the proposed approach provides acceptable results.

Auditory and Auditory-Visual Perception of Clear and Conversational Speech

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S. Helfer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information

Research has shown that speaking in a deliberately clear manner can improve the accuracy of auditory speech recognition. Allowing listeners access to visual speech cues also enhances speech understanding. Whether the nature of information provided by speaking clearly and by using visual speech cues is redundant has not been determined. This study examined how speaking mode (clear vs. conversational) and presentation mode (auditory vs. auditory-visual) influenced the perception of words within nonsense sentences. In Experiment 1, 30 young listeners with normal hearing responded to videotaped stimuli presented audiovisually in the presence of background noise at one of three signal-to-noise ratios. In Experiment 2, 9 participants returned for an additional assessment using auditory-only presentation. Results of these experiments showed significant effects of speaking mode (clear speech was easier to understand than was conversational speech) and presentation mode (auditoryvisual presentation led to better performance than did auditory-only presentation). The benefit of clear speech was greater for words occurring in the middle of sentences than for words at either the beginning or end of sentences for both auditory-only and auditory-visual presentation, whereas the greatest benefit from supplying visual cues was for words at the end of sentences spoken both clearly and conversationally. The total benefit from speaking clearly and supplying visual cues was equal to the sum of each of these effects. Overall, the results suggest that speaking clearly and providing visual speech information provide complementary (rather than redundant) information.

Alternating-color words facilitate reading and eye movements among second-language learners of Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-699
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Wanwen Ye ◽  
Ming Yan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Word Boundary ◽  
Fixation Location ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Boundary Information

AbstractThe present study investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) in a Chinese sentence would facilitate the reading of second-language (L2) learners. Thirty-three Korean students were recruited in the eye-movement experiment. Relative to a baseline (i.e., mono-colors) condition, incorrect word segmentation produced closer fixation location toward the beginning of words, longer fixation duration, higher refixation rate, and slower reading speed. In contrast, word segmentation with alternating colors produced further fixation location toward the center of words, shorter fixation duration, lower refixation rate, and faster reading speed. These results indicate that L2 readers are capable of making use of word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, which can result in a facilitation of reading efficiency.

Maximizing Students' Learning Success Through Lab-on-Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-276
Author(s):  
Minda M. B. Marshall ◽  
Simon George Taukeni ◽  
Rheinhold Disho Muruti ◽  
Gibert Likando ◽  
Cynthy Kaliinasho Haihambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Learning Success ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
On Line ◽  
The University

This chapter foregrounds the Lab-On-Line project, a technological innovation developed to enhance visual processing skills, improve memory and vocabulary, and increase reading fluency with the explicit aim of improving comprehension. Thirty (30) 3rd year students at one of the University of Namibia campuses participated in the pilot study. A pre-test was conducted for placement purpose. Subsequently, the selected sample commenced with the Lab-On-Line program that consists of 20 lessons that were carried out twice a week over a period of five months. Thereafter a Standardized Reading Evaluation was performed to determine their language proficiency, reading speed per minute and comprehension ability. Results show that the majority of participating students had improved their perceptual development and reading speed (VPF), cognitive development and comprehension skills (CDF), and relative reading efficiency (AIUF).

ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION BASED ON CHINESE PHONEMIC ALPHABET IN CHINESE TEXT

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUEN-MIN HUANG ◽  
MEI-CHEN WU ◽  
CHING-CHE CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Text Editor ◽  
Correction Rate ◽  
Error Detection And Correction ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Chinese Writing ◽  
Automatic Error

Misspelling and misconception resulting from similar pronunciation appears frequently in Chinese texts. Without double check-up, this situation will be getting worse even with the help of Chinese input editor. It is hoped that the quality of Chinese writing would be enhanced if an effective automatic error detection and correction mechanism is embedded in text editor. Therefore, the burden of manpower to proofread shall be released. Until recently, researches in automatic error detection and correction of Chinese text have undergone many challenges and suffered from bad performance compared with that of Western text. In view of the prominent phenomenon in Chinese writing problem, this study proposes a learning model based on Chinese phonemic alphabets. The experimental results demonstrate that this model is effective in finding out misspellings and further improves detection and correction rate.

Effects of Presentation Mode on Veridical and False Memory in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carlin ◽  
Michael P. Toglia ◽  
Colleen Belmonte ◽  
Chiara DiMeglio
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
False Alarm ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Auditory Recognition ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
False Alarm Rates

Abstract In the present study the effects of visual, auditory, and audio–visual presentation formats on memory for thematically constructed lists were assessed in individuals with intellectual disability and mental age–matched children. The auditory recognition test included target items, unrelated foils, and two types of semantic lures: critical related foils and related foils. The audio–visual format led to better recognition of old items and lower false-alarm rates for all foil types. Those with intellectual disability had higher false-alarm rates for all foil types and experienced particular difficulty discriminating presented items from those most strongly activated internally during acquisition (i.e., critical foils). Results are consistent with the activation-monitoring framework and fuzzy-trace theory and inform best practices for designing visual supports to maximize performance in educational and work environments.

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