Reaction Time of the Tongue to Auditory and Tactile Stimulation

Measures of reaction time of the tongue to tactile stimulation on the lips and to a 1000-cps tone at sensation levels of 10, 50, and 70 db were obtained from 26 normal young adults. Results revealed that tactile stimulation evoked the shortest reaction time ( M = .123 sec.); 70 db elicited slightly longer reaction time ( M = .129 sec.); 50 db still longer reaction time ( M = .137 sec.); and 10 db the longest ( M = .209 sec.). The 10-db tone reaction time was significantly longer than that of any other stimulus condition, while tactile stimulus reaction time was significantly shorter than both the 10- and 50-db tonal stimuli, but not than the 70-db stimulus. Among the auditory conditions, 50 and 70 db were not significantly different from one another, but both were different from 10 db. The findings support the role played by tactual feedback in the oral region for monitoring speech. It is hypothesized that a speech mechanism which operates on a servosystem principle is likely to utilize the most efficient sensory channels available in monitoring speech output, with time of response being one important measure of efficiency.

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A revised method for measuring distraction by tactile stimulation

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.4944.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Jacqueline R. Schechter ◽

Deanna J. Greene ◽

Jonathan M. Koller ◽

Kevin J. Black

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Tactile Stimulus ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Self Report ◽

Tic Disorder ◽

Sensory Hypersensitivity ◽

Chronic Tic Disorder

Sensory hypersensitivity (SH) refers to the tendency to attend to subtle stimuli, to persist in attending to them, and to find them noxious. SH is relatively common in several developmental disorders including Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder (TS/CTD). This study was an attempt to quantify the extent to which a mild tactile stimulus distracts one’s attention in TS/CTD. Fourteen adults with TS/CTD and 14 tic-free control subjects completed questionnaires regarding SH and ADHD, and TS/CTD subjects completed self-report measures of current and past tic disorder symptoms and of current obsessions and compulsions. All subjects performed a sustained attention choice reaction time task during alternating blocks in which a mildly annoying stimulus (von Frey hair) was applied to the ankle (“ON”) or was not applied (“OFF”). We present here the clinical and cognitive task data for each subject.

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Cardiac Responsivity to Tactile Stimulation in Waking and Sleeping Infants

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1969.29.1.259 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael Lewis ◽

Cornelia Dodd ◽

Marcia Harwitz

Keyword(s):

Physiological Response ◽

Response Curve ◽

Tactile Stimulus ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Cardiac Response ◽

Response Parameter ◽

Young Infants

The role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed. However, few studies using neonates and young infants have given much attention to this variable. This study was designed to investigate state differences in the newborn's cardiac response to a tactile stimulus. The results indicated: (1) The infant when asleep showed significantly different cardiac response than when awake. This replication demonstrates that an infant's state must be considered in any work using HR response. (2) In the present study, 6 cardiac response parameters were observed, and it was clear that not all these measures of the cardiac response yield similar results and that the response parameter E chooses to use will determine the degree of habituation found and the nature of the response curve. (3) In general, there were differences in habituation between the waking and sleeping infant.

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Effects of anodal tDCS of the lower limb M1 on ankle reaction time in young adults

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/s00221-015-4470-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 234 (2) ◽

pp. 377-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daya Devanathan ◽

Sangeetha Madhavan

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Anodal Tdcs

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Relation between Reaction Time and Loudness

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2702.306 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 306-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Larry E. Humes ◽

Jayne B. Ahlstrom

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Growth Function ◽

Reaction Time Data ◽

Intensity Function ◽

Sound Level ◽

Time Data ◽

Sound Levels ◽

Loudness Growth

The loudness of one-third octave bands of noise centered at either 1, 2, or 4 kHz was measured in 10 normal-hearing young adults for sound levels of 50–90 dB SPL. Reaction times (RT) in response to these same stimuli were also measured in the same subjects. A moderate-to-strong correspondence was observed between the slopes for functions depicting the growth of loudness with sound level and comparable slopes for the reaction-time data. The correlation between slopes for the RT-intensity function and the loudness-growth function was comparable in magnitude to the test,retest correlation for the loudness-growth function except at 1 kHz.

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Consciousness is slower than you think

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/02724980244000080 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 1081-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Patrick Rabbitt

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Error Correction ◽

Old Age ◽

Choice Reaction Time ◽

Incorrect Response ◽

Response Signal ◽

Subsequent Recall

In easy serial choice reaction time tasks (CRT tasks) young adults can very rapidly “correct” nearly all their errors by making the responses that they should have made (error-correcting responses). They are much less accurate at signalling their errors by making the same, deliberate, response to each (error-signalling responses), and they poorly remember errors that they have not signalled or corrected. When instructed to ignore errors they nevertheless involuntarily register them because the response immediately following them (responses following unacknowledged errors) are unusually slow, and they sometimes make involuntary error correction responses. Errors that are neither signalled nor remembered are registered at some level because responses following unacknowledged errors are slowed. Old age does not impair the accuracy of error correction or reduce the proportion of errors that are acknowledged because they are followed by unusually slow responses, but it does reduce the accuracy of error signalling and of recall of errors. Groups of 40 young adults (mean age 20.1 years, SD 1.1) and 40 older adults (mean 71.2 years, SD 5.1) signalled and recalled their errors increasingly accurately as intervals between each response and the next signal were increased from 150 ms to 1000 ms. Error signalling and recall improved as response-signal interval (RSI) durations increased, reaching asymptote at RSIs of 800 ms for the young and 1000 ms for the older adults. Thus processes necessary for conscious and deliberate choice or error-signalling responses and for subsequent recall of errors require more than 150 ms to complete, are slowed by old age, and may be interrupted by onset of new signals occurring earlier than 800 to 1000 ms after completion of an incorrect response.

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Spatial and semantic interference on an auditory Stroop test: comparison of young and older adults

Auditory and Vestibular Research ◽

10.18502/avr.v30i4.7472 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shubhaganga Dhrruvakumar ◽

Asha Yathiraj

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Spatial Localization ◽

Stroop Test ◽

Response Accuracy ◽

Age Related ◽

Semantic Localization ◽

Left Front ◽

Age Related Changes

Background and Aim: Age related changes in cognitive functioning have been shown to vary depending on the task used. Thus, the study aimed to compare the responses of young and older adults to an auditory Stroop test that assessed spatial (responses to location of the stimuli) and semantic (responses to meaning of the stimuli) localization. Methods: The “Auditory spatial and semantic localization Stroop test”, developed as a part of the study was administered on 30 young adults aged 18 to 30 years and 30 older adults aged 58 to 70 years having normal hearing. The response accuracy and reaction time of the participants were determined for the words “right”, “left”, “front”, and “back.” Results: The older adults had significantly poorer response accuracy and reaction time than the young adults for both spatial and semantic localization tasks. Within each participant group, semantic localization had better response accuracy than spatial localization, while such differences in reaction time were found only in the older adults. In both groups, a congruency effect was seen for spatial but not for semantic localization when response accuracy was calculated, whereas it was observed only for semantic and not for spatial localization when reaction time was measured. Conclusion: The auditory Stroop test, which measures stimulus interference and cognitive skills, could be used as a simple tool to assess the same for stimuli presented through the auditory modality. This would be especially helpful in older adults who may demonstrate cognitive decline with ageing to auditory stimuli. Keywords: Spatial localization; semantic localization; auditory Stroop test; age related changes

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Binge Drinkers Are Fast, Able to Stop – but They Fail to Adjust

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715001204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 38-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ragnhild Bø ◽

Martin Aker ◽

Joël Billieux ◽

Nils Inge Landrø

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Binge Drinking ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Binge Drinkers ◽

Inhibition Performance

AbstractBinge drinking leads to brain damage. However, at present few studies have taken into account the continuity in the binge drinking phenomenon, and treated binge drinking as a clearly separable category from other types of drinking patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether severity of binge drinking can predict specific neurocognitive changes in healthy young adults. A total of 121 students aged 18 to 25 were assessed by means of the three last questions of the Alcohol Use Questionnaire combined into binge score. The binge score was entered as a predictor of cognitive performance of the CANTAB Stop Signal Task including reaction time, inhibition processing time, and response adjustment. Anxiety and depression symptoms were also measured. Binge score significantly predicted less adjustment following failures, and faster reaction times. Binge score did not predict inhibition performance. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were not significantly related to binge score. Binge drinking in healthy young adults predicts impairment in response adjustment and fast reaction time, but is unrelated to inhibition. The study supports the view that binge drinking is a continuous phenomenon, rather than discrete category, and the findings are possibly shedding light on why binge drinkers continue their drinking pattern despite negative consequences. (JINS, 2016, 22, 38–46)

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