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Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Tom Knuesel ◽  
M. Hasan Mohajeri

A growing number of studies in rodents indicate a connection between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, but comprehensive human data is scarce. Here, we systematically reviewed human studies examining the connection between the intestinal microbiota and major depressive and bipolar disorder. In this review we discuss various changes in bacterial abundance, particularly on low taxonomic levels, in terms of a connection with the pathophysiology of major depressive and bipolar disorder, their use as a diagnostic and treatment response parameter, their health-promoting potential, as well as novel adjunctive treatment options. The diversity of the intestinal microbiota is mostly decreased in depressed subjects. A consistent elevation of phylum Actinobacteria, family Bifidobacteriaceae, and genus Bacteroides, and a reduction of family Ruminococcaceae, genus Faecalibacterium, and genus Roseburia was reported. Probiotics containing Bifidobacterium and/or Lactobacillus spp. seemed to improve depressive symptoms, and novel approaches with different probiotics and synbiotics showed promising results. Comparing twin studies, we report here that already with an elevated risk of developing depression, microbial changes towards a “depression-like” microbiota were found. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the microbiota and the necessity for a better understanding of its changes contributing to depressive symptoms, potentially leading to new approaches to alleviate depressive symptoms via alterations of the gut microbiota.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali Khan ◽  
Furqan Farooq ◽  
Mohammad Faisal Javed ◽  
Adeel Zafar ◽  
Krzysztof Adam Ostrowski ◽  
...  

To avoid time-consuming, costly, and laborious experimental tests that require skilled personnel, an effort has been made to formulate the depth of wear of fly-ash concrete using a comparative study of machine learning techniques, namely random forest regression (RFR) and gene expression programming (GEP). A widespread database comprising 216 experimental records was constructed from available research. The database includes depth of wear as a response parameter and nine different explanatory variables, i.e., cement content, fly ash, water content, fine and coarse aggregate, plasticizer, air-entraining agent, age of concrete, and time of testing. The performance of the models was judged via statistical metrics. The GEP model gives better performance with R2 and ρ equals 0.9667 and 0.0501 respectively and meet with the external validation criterion suggested in the previous literature. The k-fold cross-validation also verifies the accurateness of the model by evaluating R2, RSE, MAE, and RMSE. The sensitivity analysis of GEP equation indicated that the time of testing is the influential parameter. The results of this research can help the designers, practitioners, and researchers to quickly estimate the depth of wear of fly-ash concrete thus shortening its ecological susceptibilities that push to sustainable and faster construction from the viewpoint of environmentally friendly waste management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3625-3648
Author(s):  
M. Sreedhar Babu ◽  
T. Sowjanya ◽  
B. Sreenivasa Reddy ◽  
V. Venkata Ramana ◽  
G. Venkata Ramanaiah

In this article important effort has been dedicated toward the learn about of warmth and mass switch for MHD boundary layer float evaluation previous an unsteady continually shifting stretching cylinder beseeching the restricted slip apparatus. Additionally we have analysed our exploration along with the presence of non-uniform warmth supply in the go with the flow field. Moreover first order chemical response is taken into account. The rising primary go with the flow associated non-linear equations have been solved mathematically by RK-4 strategy which consists of capturing procedure. The influence of pertinent parameters on speed and temperature silhouette has been pondered with bodily justification thru tables and graphs. Our research explores that the temperature escalates attributable to the improvisation of curvature parameter. The mass switch price is increased via bettering chemical response parameter.


CANTILEVER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Saifulloh Fatah Pangestu ◽  
M Mirza Abdillah Pratama

In Indonesia, earthquake-resistant structures are governed by SNI as design codes, which are updated on a regular basis. As a result, existing buildings with outdated requirements must be reviewed so that the building's performance may be assessed in light of the most recent codes. Pushover analysis and direct displacement-based design are used to characterize the real condition of the building in order to assess its performance. The 7-story reinforced concrete building structure in this study was designed according to SNI 03-2847-2002 and SNI-1726-2002. This structure will be evaluated utilizing the FEMA 440 and FEMA 356 procedures, as well as SNI 1726:2019. The results show that the structure meets the minimal performance limit criteria (which is life safety) in terms of displacement and drift values from the pushover analysis, based on FEMA 356 and FEMA 440 performance levels. The evaluation indicates better structural response parameter values (R, Ω0, and Cd) than that of SNI 1726:2019, indicating that the building performance is good and capable of withstanding the design earthquake load.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3237-3237
Author(s):  
Gregory A Yanik ◽  
David Frame ◽  
Gianni Bruno Scappaticci ◽  
Mary Maliarik ◽  
Steven W Pipe ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: SARS-CoV-2 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and profound dysregulation of the thrombotic/fibrinolytic pathway, with thrombotic complications common in affected patients (pts). Fibrin deposition may be a key feature of the pathobiology, with markedly elevated levels of PAI-1 reported. Defibrotide (DF), a polyanionic naturally-derived polydeoxyribonucelotide with endothelial stabilizing activity, has fibrinolytic, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties, with known activity in reducing PAI-1 levels and inhibiting heparanase. We now report a prospective, open label, safety and tolerability trial of defibrotide for the management of patients with advanced SARS-CoV-2 related ARDS. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients (pts) were ≥18 years in age, with clinical and radiographic signs of ARDS, no signs of active bleeding, a serum D-Dimer > 2X ULN, and a positive PCR-based assay for SARS-CoV-2. Concomitant use of systemic anticoagulants or fibrinolytics was initially precluded, with the study amended to allow prophylactic doses of systemic heparin in its latter stages. Defibrotide (6.25 mg/kg/dose IV q. 6 hours) was administered for a planned 7-day course, with day 1 defined as the first day of study therapy. Therapy was able to be discontinued prior to day 7 in pts who met the pulmonary response parameter at that earlier timepoint. Patients with a partial response to therapy (> 20% reduction in FiO2) by day 7 were allowed to receive an additional 7 days of therapy (14 days total). Response was defined as complete cessation of supplemental O2 support, or ≥ 2 point reduction in WHO ordinal score for 48 consecutive hours by day 7. Patients were recruited from a single center between October 2020 and March 2021. Results: Twelve pts (median 63 years, range 35-73 years) were treated, with 10 of 12 pts on mechanical ventilation (median FiO2 55%, PEEP 18 mmHg), and six on vasopressor support at the time of study entry. Baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratios ranged from 82 - 200 mmHg. The median D-Dimer was 3.25 mcg/ml (range 1.33-12.3 mcg/ml), and fibrinogen 637 mg/dl (range 250-1208 mg/dl) at study entry. Dexamethasone and remdesivir had been administered prior to DF in all pts, with no other SARS-CoV-2 targeted treatment given during DF therapy. Eleven pts received ≤7 days of therapy, with one pt receiving 14 days. The first 9 pts received DF without other concomitant anticoagulants, with the last 3 pts concurrently receiving prophylactic heparin plus DF. No hemorrhagic or bleeding complications occurred during DF therapy, including the 3 pts receiving concurrent heparin prophylaxis. Likewise, no thrombotic complications developed during study therapy, including the 9 patients in which DF was their sole anti-coagulant. All 12 patients were evaluable for response. Four pts met the day 7 pulmonary response parameter, with 2 pts having a complete cessation of O2 support within this period. Three pts died from progressive pulmonary disease, at 11, 17 and 34 days from study entry. The 3 pts (who died) had the lowest baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratios (82-115 mmHg) of all study subjects. Nine pts (75%) remain alive, 64 to 174 days from study entry, all 9 discharged from their primary hospitalization. Day 30 all-cause mortality was 17% (95%CI: 0-35%). Serial coagulation and fibrinolytic assays were available in 7 patients. Total PAI-1 levels decreased from a median 167 ng/ml (range 105-264 ng/ml) to a median 104 ng/ml (range 55-166 ng/ml) by day 4 of therapy, with all 7 subjects showing a decline in PAI-1 levels at that time point. Total tPA levels increased from a median 3.02 ng/ml (range 0.72 - 36.1 ng/ml) at baseline to 4.5 ng/ml (range 1.1-8.2 ng/ml) by day 4 in study subjects. Allowing for the small sample size, baseline PAI-1, tPA or D-Dimer levels did not impact response. One of two patients with a baseline D-Dimer > 10 mcg/ml responded, while both patients with a baseline D-Dimer <2.0 mcg/ml failed to meet the response parameter. Conclusion: The use of DF for the management of SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS proved safe and tolerable in a prospective, open label trial. No hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications were reported during therapy. Outcomes were promising, including an overall survival of 75% in a patient population with a historically high mortality rate. (The study was supported by a research grant from Jazz Pharmaceuticals) Disclosures Yanik: Jazz Pharmaceutical: Research Funding. Pipe: Sangamo Therapeutics: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; ASC Therapeutics: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Apcintex: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Biomarin: Consultancy; Catalyst Biosciences: Consultancy; CSL Behring: Consultancy; Freeline: Consultancy; Grifols: Consultancy; HEMA Biologics: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Octapharma: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Spark Therapeutics: Consultancy; uniQure: Consultancy. Sisson: Translatebio: Other: Data Safety Committee member. Richardson: Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Secura Bio: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Regeneron: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Protocol Intelligence: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding. Lawrence: MDI Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. OffLabel Disclosure: Defibrotide: Off label use for ARDS


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. Mohan Kumar ◽  
R. Rajasekar ◽  
P. Manoj Kumar ◽  
R. Parameshwaran ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
...  

For comparison, the drilling behaviour of abaca fiber-reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites and Kevlar-reinforced epoxy polymer (KFRP) composites has been studied in the specified experimental condition. The different geometrical drilling tools have been used for the investigation, namely, candlestick (T1), core (T2), standard twist drill (T3), and step cone (T4). The tool feed of 30, 45, and 60 m/min and rotational speed of 1000, 1500, and 2000 rpm have been used for the investigation. The thrust force is chosen as a response parameter for this study. The results revealed that, at lesser rotational speed and tool feed, the thrust force has declined. The result obtained correlates with the abaca fiber-based systems. However, the thrust force of KFRP is higher compared to AFRP composite systems. The axial force generated by candlestick drill is minimal compared to the other drill bits. The following may be responsible for lower thrust force: (1) the axial force distributes circumferential of the cutting tool instead of focusing at the center and (2) the interfacial adhesiveness between the matrix and the fiber is higher. The optimization of drilling process parameters, namely, tool feed and rotational speed on thrust force, has been studied. The results reveal that the tool feed contributed more to axial force compared to rotational speed.


Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur

Abstract: The findings of the study showed that at optimum conditions of the operating parameters i.e., current density = 14.17 mA/cm2 , t = 102 min, and pH = 6.25, 63.41% of COD removal, 90.93% of dye removal and 0.0035 kWh/kg of energy consumption, were observed. Kinetic studies showed that EC based treatment of STW followed first order kinetics and the kinetic constants at 30°C for each response parameter i.e., % COD removal and % dye removal were 0.0205 min-1 and 0.0097 min-1 , respectively. Similarly, at 50°C the kinetic constants for % COD removal and % dye removal were 0.037 min-1 and 0.011 min-1 , respectively. Further, it was also observed that the amount of Al in the treated STW, sludge and scum was observed to be 25.16 mg/l, 0.50778g and 0.06006 g, respectively. Keywords: Waste water, Response Surface plots and optimization


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Md Saikat Hosen ◽  
Ruhul Amin

Gradient boosting machines, the learning process successively fits fresh prototypes to offer a more precise approximation of the response parameter. The principle notion associated with this algorithm is that a fresh base-learner construct to be extremely correlated with the “negative gradient of the loss function” related to the entire ensemble. The loss function's usefulness can be random, nonetheless, for a clearer understanding of this subject, if the “error function is the model squared-error loss”, then the learning process would end up in sequential error-fitting. This study is aimed at delineating the significance of the gradient boosting algorithm in data management systems. The article will dwell much the significance of gradient boosting algorithm in text classification as well as the limitations of this model. The basic methodology as well as the basic-learning algorithm of the gradient boosting algorithms originally formulated by Friedman, is presented in this study. This may serve as an introduction to gradient boosting algorithms. This article has displayed the approach of gradient boosting algorithms. Both the hypothetical system and the plan choices were depicted and outlined. We have examined all the basic stages of planning a specific demonstration for one’s experimental needs. Elucidation issues have been tended to and displayed as a basic portion of the investigation. The capabilities of the gradient boosting algorithms were examined on a set of real-world down-to-earth applications such as text classification.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syntia Lemos Cotrim ◽  
Ageu Araújo Machado ◽  
Gislaine Camila Lapasini Leal ◽  
Mauro Antonio da Silva Sá Ravagnani ◽  
Edwin Vladimir Cardoza Galdamez

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the application of Design of Experiments techniques for the analysis of operating parameters of an industrial oven for the heat treatment process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle filaments.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is on evaluating new ways of operating the transformation process. The main issue is to raise what are the variables interfering with the performance of the oven. The complete 2k factorial for three factors of control was used to analyze the behavior of these variables and their relationships in the specific response parameter for the process.FindingsThe results presented in this work allow the company to have greater knowledge about the operation of the equipment. The study showed possibilities of 14.8% energy reduction.Research limitations/implicationsThe heat treatment activity was characterized as a critical point in the production process, and techniques with empirical approaches, based on statistical techniques, was an opportunity that the company has to improve the execution of activities without major investments for the quality of the final product. The application of statistical quality techniques showed to be very promising.Originality/valueThe fact that the study was conducted using subjective quality performance makes this work different from others presented in the literature, showing the possibility to apply Design of Experiments using main control factors based on the opinion of experienced personnel involved in the process analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-695
Author(s):  
Zeni Rahmawati ◽  
H. Holilah ◽  
Santi Wulan Purnami ◽  
Hasliza Bahruji ◽  
Titie Prapti Oetami ◽  
...  

Optimisation of biodiesel production from non-edible Reutealis Trisperma oil (RTO) was investigated using Taguchi method. Biodiesel was produced via consecutive esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification of RTO was carried out using acid catalyst to decrease the amount of free fatty acid from 2.24% to 0.09%. Subsequent transesterification of the treated oil with methanol over a series of CaO-ZnO catalysts was optimized based on the L9 Taguchi orthogonal approach. The optimization parameters are Ca/Zn ratio (0.25, 0.5, and 1), methanol/oil ratio (10, 20, and 30) and reaction time (0.5, 1, and 2 h). CaO-ZnO catalysts at variation of Ca/Zn ratios were prepared using co-precipitation method and characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR analysis. The amount of methyl ester yield was used as the response parameter in the S/N ratio analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The optimum parameter for RTO transesterification to biodiesel was determined at Ca/Zn ratio of 1, methanol oil ratio of 30 and reaction time for 2 h. Transesterification under these optimized parameter generated 98% of biodiesel yield, inferring the validity of the statistical approach. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis also confirmed that all the parameters were significantly contributed at approximately equal percentage towards the amount of biodiesel. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 


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