Acute Restriction of Nocturnal Sleep in Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Carskadon ◽  
Kim Harvey ◽  
William C. Dement
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Single Night ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Sleep, performance, and sleepiness were evaluated in nine (6 girls, 3 boys) children (ages 11 to 13.2 yr.) with a view toward determining whether children are more sensitive to sleep restriction than adults. In this 3-day study (immediately preceded by 3 adaptive days), sleep was permitted for 10 hr. on the baseline and recovery night, and for 4 hr. on a single restricted night. Effects of sleep restriction and subsequent recovery on nocturnal sleep parameters were very comparable to results seen in adult subjects. No significant effects of the procedure were seen in performance on abbreviated versions of the Wilkinson Addition Test and Williams Word Memory Test or on a listening attention task. Multiple sleep latency tests showed a significant increase with daytime sleepiness following sleep restriction, which persisted into the morning following recovery sleep. Children appear to be able to tolerate a single night of restricted sleep, although they do not recover as rapidly as adult subjects.

Narcolepsy with cataplexy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Jan Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by disturbed cerebral hypocretin (also called orexin) transmission. It results in impaired physiological boundaries of wake and sleep stages and their specific components, leading to clinical symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), impaired sustained attention, disturbed nocturnal sleep, cataplexy, and hypnagogic hallucinations. This chapter discusses the consequences for daily life of the disorder, the diagnostic challenges, particularly the interpretation of the results of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the presumed cause and pathophysiology, the frequent comorbidities such as obesity, and practical guidelines for optimal nonpharmacological as well as pharmacological treatment.

Impact of acute administration of sodium oxybate on nocturnal sleep polysomnography and on multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy with cataplexy

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Plazzi ◽  
Fabio Pizza ◽  
Stefano Vandi ◽  
Debora Aricò ◽  
Oliviero Bruni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sodium Oxybate ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Effects of Total Sleep Loss on Sleep Tendency

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Carskadon ◽  
William C. Dement
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Alternation Task

Effects of two nights of sleep loss were assessed in six young adult (18—21 yr.) volunteers (2 women, 4 men). Performance on the Wilkinson Addition Test fell significantly below baseline values during the sleep-loss procedure and recovered after one or two full nights of sleep. Performance on a Serial Alternation Task also declined during sleep loss. Mood and sleepiness, assessed by subjective self-rating scales, showed a significantly less positive mood and a greater degree of sleepiness during sleep loss, with a recovery to baseline levels after one full night of sleep. Sleep tendency, measured at 2-hr. intervals during all waking periods, was assessed using an objective measure of latency to sleep onset, the Sleep Latency Test. The scores fell to about 1 min. at 0600 on the first night of sleep loss and remained at similarly low values Throughout the sleep loss period. After one night of recovery sleep the scores remained significantly below baseline levels, which were not achieved until after the second recovery night. The multiple sleep latency test appears to be a valuable operationally defined tool for measuring daytime sleepiness.

Sleep Tendency as a Measure of Recovery after Drugs Used for Ambulatory Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lance Lichtor ◽  
Richard Alessi ◽  
Bradford S. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Ambulatory Anesthesia ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Background Although tests of psychomotor function indicate that drug effects after ambulatory anesthesia are short-lived, patients often feel washed out for long periods of time. Among the psychomotor tests that measure different motor and cognitive functions, none directly measures sleepiness or alertness. The authors hypothesized that sleepiness, measured by a sleep latency test, would be a more sensitive indicator of drug effect after an anesthetic than psychomotor tests. The second objective was to determine a sedation regimen that produced the least residual effect. Methods On four separate occasions, volunteers (N = 12) received an injection of propofol 2.5 mg/kg; propofol 2.0 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg; propofol 2.0 mg/kg and midazolam 2 mg/70 kg; or midazolam 0.07 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg. Dependent measures included the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Maddox Wing and digit symbol substitution tests, auditory and visual reaction times, and a divided attention task. Results The multiple sleep latency test demonstrated sleepiness up to 4 h after injection, and in some patients, sleepiness continued up to 8 h afterward. Psychomotor function was impaired only at 2 h after injection of the drug combination. Conclusion The multiple sleep latency test may be a more sensitive measure of a drug's effect than other tests of psychomotor function. For up to 8 h after an injection of midazolam and fentanyl, patients must consider driving or operating heavy machinery unsafe activities.

scholarly journals A novel in-ear sensor to determine sleep latency during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test in healthy adults with and without sleep restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef D Alqurashi ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Valentin Goverdovsky ◽  
James Moss ◽  
Michael I Polkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

scholarly journals Psychogenic Seizure Imitating Narcolepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-481
Author(s):  
Galina M. Diukova ◽  
Sergey A. Makarov ◽  
Valery L. Golubev ◽  
Ruslana R. Tyutina ◽  
Daniil A. Degterev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency ◽  
Functional Neurological Disorders

Psychogenic or functional neurological disorders (FND) often occur in the practice of a neurologist. Diagnosis of FND usually causes significant difficulties. Among FND, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) comprise around 40% cases. Sometimes it is necessary to differentiate PNES from narcolepsy. We describe a 55-year-old man with frequent brief and sudden sleep-like attacks in combination with nocturnal sleep disturbance. During attacks he was unresponsive, snoring but maintained posture. He resisted passive eye opening but with rolling eyes. The patient was confused on waking. In the interictal period, there were FND signs including give-way weakness of the left hand, typical functional “leg-dragging” gait, mistake in the finger-to-nose test. Video-electroencephalogram monitoring did not detect specific epileptic activity or sleep pattern during the attacks. Polysomnography showed multiple waking episodes during the night, but no typical pattern of narcolepsy was found in the multiple sleep latency test. The patient had frequent urgent hospitalizations due to different diseases and numerous invasive procedures. Six month later, the patient obtained state related disability financial benefit, after which hospitalizations in various hospitals continued, and PNES became shorter and less pronounced.

scholarly journals Abnormal night melatonin level in a patient with well-controlled epilepsy without sleep disturbances – could it be associated with levetiracetam therapy: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 085-087
Author(s):  
Orlina Georgieva Chaneva ◽  
Zdravka Nikolaeva Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

We present a case report of a 23-year old male with newly diagnosed epilepsy manifested with generalized tonic seizures. Levetiracetam (LEV) was started and the patient was seizure free. The patient demonstrated intermediate chronotype determined by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). There was no epileptiform activity on electroencephalography (EEG) and polysomnography (PSG), sleep architecture disturbances (PSG) or daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness score, Multiple sleep latency test) at the onset and after 3 months of LEV therapy. The melatonin serum levels after 3 months of LEV treatment were 22.00 pg/ml at 3 a.m. and 23.60 pg/ml at 8 a.m. - there was no normal night peak concentration. This abnormality may be associated with a later night peak melatonin concentration, the treatment with levetiracetam being a possible explanation. We consider the presented clinical case of special interest because of the combination of absence of normal night peak melatonin concentration, normal sleep parameters and non-extremely presented chronotype. We suggest that such patients could benefit from add-on therapy with melatonin.

Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merten ◽  
Matthias Henry ◽  
Robin Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sleep Characteristics in Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ok ◽  
H. Yilmaz ◽  
D. Tok ◽  
K. Erbüyün ◽  
S. Çoban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Icu Physicians

Healthcare workers’ cognitive performances and alertness are highly vulnerable to sleep loss and circadian rhythms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in sleep characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU physicians. Actigraphic sleep parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were evaluated for ICU and non-ICU physicians on the day before shift-work and on three consecutive days after shift-work. Total sleep time, sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, total activity score, movement fragmentation index, sleep efficiency, daytime naps and total nap duration were also calculated by actigraph. In the ICU physicians, the mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was significantly higher than the non-ICU physicians (P=0.001), however mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were not found significantly different between the two groups. None of the scores for objective sleep parameters were statistically different between the groups when evaluated before and after shift-work (P >0.05). However in both ICU and non-ICU physicians, sleep latency was observed to be decreased within the three consecutive-day period after shift-work with respect to basal values (P <0.001). Total sleep time, total activity score and sleep efficiency scores prior to shift-work were significantly different from shift-work and the three consecutive-days after shift-work, in both groups. Working in the ICU does not have an impact on objective sleep characteristics of physicians in this study. Large cohort studies are required to determine long-term health concerns of shift-working physicians.

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