Speech Disfluencies under Normal and Delayed Auditory Feedback Conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Main Effects

20 male and 20 female adults, matched by age, read under conditions of normal and 113-, 152-, 200-, 253-, 307-, and 347-msec. delayed auditory feedback. Disfluency counts were correlated with delayed auditory feedback reactions which were changes in disfluencies under delay conditions. Pearson product-moment and Spearman's rhos were negative and significant for delay times of 113, 153, 200, and 253 msec. The Pearson product-moment correlation for 307 msec, was also negative and significant. Two groups of 11 adults were selected from the original sample on the basis of high and low initial disfluency counts. Their reactions to delayed auditory feedback were compared, using a 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (groups × delay times). Both main effects were significant but not their interaction.

Delayed Auditory Feedback and the Speech of Stuttering and Non-Stuttering Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Timmons ◽  
James P. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Difference Scores ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Speaking Task

25 male stutterers and 25 male non-stutterers matched by age and speaking task, read or recited under normal and 113-, 226-, 306-, 413-, 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback conditions. Changes in speaking rate and disfluency count from normal to each delayed auditory feedback condition were calculated as indicators of reaction to delayed auditory feedback. Using an analysis of variance of difference scores for speaking rate, no significant differences were found between stutterers and non-stutterers or among the delays. An analysis of variance of disfluency difference scores showed no differences between stutterers and non-stutterers. Significant differences in disfluency reaction among delay times were found.

Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

Construction and Validation of the Mills Inventory of Preferred Leisure Activities

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Mills ◽  
Joseph C. Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Insight Into

A 55-item inventory of preferences for leisure activities mentioned in the literature was administered to 235 conference participants and responses factor analyzed. Six factors accounted for 47.2% of the total variance. Four items were discarded. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in preferences for Passive, Physically Active, Social, and Learning-related activities, but these four factors were preferred to mental activities, which in turn were preferred over creative activities. Main effects for general (undifferentiated) activities of age, income, sex, race, occupation, and education were non-significant, but significant interactions between these main effects and the six activities factors indicated that the inventory may provide insight into preferences related to these effects.

Personal Value Orientation and Judgment of Categories of Creative Behavior

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Creative Behavior ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Main Effects

Ss classified on the basis of the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values as either aesthetic, theoretical, or economic in value orientation rated for their creativity 48 behavior episodes classified on the basis of their reference to science, art, or business. A 3 × 3 analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that both main effects and the interaction term were significant. These data were interpreted as indicating that persons are more likely to judge behaviors creative if they are congruent with their dominant value orientation. The relevance of these data for the criterion problem in research on creativity is briefly noted.

Articulation Development in Preschool Children

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn W. Kenney ◽  
Elizabeth M. Prather
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of this study was to describe the consistency of productions of /θ, r, l, s, ∫, t∫, f, t, k/ in releasing and arresting position for 2 ½- to 5-year-old children. The Coarticulation Assessment in Meaningful Language (Kenney & Prather, 1984) was given to 360 children, 60 at each of six age levels. A four-way multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last two factors was used to test for main effects and interactions among age, sex, phoneme, and position. These children produced /θ, ∫, t∫, l, f/ with greater accuracy in the releasing position, but articulated /k, s, t/ at similar levels of accuracy in both positions. They produced /r/ with greater accuracy as a vocalic allophone. Further patterns and interactions are discussed.

Absolute Judgments as a Function of Stimulus Uncertainty and Temporal Effects: Methodological Note

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Fullard ◽  
Glenn E. Snelbecker ◽  
Stephen Wolk
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Asymptotic Performance ◽  
Stimulus Uncertainty ◽  
Sequence Effects ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs ◽  
Main Effects

8 female Ss made absolute judgments of pure tones ac 4 levels of stimulus uncertainty, with 300 trials/level on each of 2 testing days. Sequence effects were balanced by a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Main effects in an analysis of variance showed significantly more correct responses in expected directions for stimulus uncertainty and higher scores on second testing day. Somewhat surprisingly, nonsignificant uncertainty-by-test-day interactions indicated homogeneous increases across uncertainty levels. Discussion focused on assumptions from information theory about asymptotic performance and on potential methodological value of Latin square repeated-measures designs for calculating T at different uncertainty levels.

Differential Sensitivity to Auditory Feedback Delay Intervals: A Preliminary Study

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Saxman
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Feedback Delay ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Interval Change ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Preliminary Study

Differential sensitivity to delay interval change (jnd) was assessed for six subjects at 12 standard delay times ranging from 30 msec to 360 msec. The speaker’s self-generated speech signal (/da/) and its return via delayed auditory feedback constituted the interval boundaries. Mean absolute jnd’s varied in magnitude from 15.45 msec to 19.66 msec and were found to be independent of the standard delay times. The relative sensitivity (ΔD/D) to delay change decreased rapidly at the shorter delay times, then leveled off to a fairly gradual slope beginning at approximately 150 msec.

Effects of Pure Tone Synchronous and Delayed Auditory Feedback on Keytapping Performance to a Programmed Visual Stimulus

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Karlovich ◽  
James T. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Auditory Signals ◽  
Female Subjects

Thirty-two female subjects tapped on a felt-padded key to a programmed repetitive flashing visual signal under various conditions of pure tone SAF and DAF. Two SLs of sound, 20 dB and 60 dB, and seven conditions of auditory feedback were employed (two SAF and five DAF conditions). Data were obtained concerning the relationships among tapping rates, delay times, and SLs of auditory signals.

Influence of Duration and Location of Pauses on Comprehension of a Temporarily Ambiguous Utterance in Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. Barrow ◽  
Gregg Givens ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Joseph Kalinowski ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the important influence of prosody on comprehension, it remains unclear how the individual parameters of prosody contribute to the process. Therefore, this study examined the magnitude of one prosodic cue, duration of the pause, that precipitates comprehension when the pause is located either early or late in an ambiguous phrase. Adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years (men: M = 27.9, SD = 4.1, women: M = 26.2, SD = 3.7) listened to a series of phrases and made a decision regarding the meaning of each phrase. Analysis of variance for repeated measures yielded main effects of location and duration of pause with an interaction of location by duration. When the pause was located early in the phrase, a longer pause was needed before adults selected the correct meaning. However, when the pause was located later in the phrase, a pause of much shorter duration was sufficient for accurate selection of the intended meaning. A difference in pause duration of 175 msec. was found between the two locations studied.

Narratives in Two Languages: Storytelling of Bilingual Cantonese–English Preschoolers

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rezzonico ◽  
Ahuva Goldberg ◽  
Katy Ka-Yan Mak ◽  
Stephanie Yap ◽  
Trelani Milburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Story Grammar ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Narrative Abilities

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare narratives generated by 4-year-old and 5-year-old children who were bilingual in English and Cantonese. Method The sample included 47 children (23 who were 4 years old and 24 who were 5 years old) living in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who spoke both Cantonese and English. The participants spoke and heard predominantly Cantonese in the home. Participants generated a story in English and Cantonese by using a wordless picture book; language order was counterbalanced. Data were transcribed and coded for story grammar, morphosyntactic quality, mean length of utterance in words, and the number of different words. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed higher story grammar scores in English than in Cantonese, but no other significant main effects of language were observed. Analyses also revealed that older children had higher story grammar, mean length of utterance in words, and morphosyntactic quality scores than younger children in both languages. Hierarchical regressions indicated that Cantonese story grammar predicted English story grammar and Cantonese microstructure predicted English microstructure. However, no correlation was observed between Cantonese and English morphosyntactic quality. Conclusions The results of this study have implications for speech-language pathologists who collect narratives in Cantonese and English from bilingual preschoolers. The results suggest that there is a possible transfer in narrative abilities between the two languages.

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