Relaxation of functionals with linear growth: Interactions of emerging measures and free discontinuities

For an integral functional defined on functions ( u , v ) ∈ W 1 , 1 × L 1 {(u,v)\in W^{1,1}\times L^{1}} featuring a prototypical strong interaction term between u and v, we calculate its relaxation in the space of functions with bounded variations and Radon measures. Interplay between measures and discontinuities brings various additional difficulties, and concentration effects in recovery sequences play a major role for the relaxed functional even if the limit measures are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue one.

Bayesian and Classical Prediction Models for Categorical and Count Data

In this chapter, we explain, under a Bayesian framework, the fundamentals and practical issues for implementing genomic prediction models for categorical and count traits. First, we derive the Bayesian ordinal model and exemplify it with plant breeding data. These examples were implemented in the library BGLR. We also derive the ordinal logistic regression. The fundamentals and practical issues of penalized multinomial logistic regression and penalized Poisson regression are given including several examples illustrating the use of the glmnet library. All the examples include main effects of environments and genotypes as well as the genotype × environment interaction term.

Investigating The Environmental Kuznets Curve (Ekc) Hypothesis For India: Does India Have Enough Capital To Supplement Renewable Energy Usage In The Correction of Carbon Emissions?

India’s sustainable development goals consist of higher economic growth through strengthening of the manufacturing sector on the one hand and ambitious carbon emission reduction plans through increased renewables on the other. This paper studies the dynamic association between CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable energy (RE) consumption and gross capital formation and tests for the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for India over the time period 1970-2018. It also tries to see if there is any possible conflict between the economic and energy goals using an interaction term between RE consumption and gross capital formation. The empirical results not only confirm long run relationship among the underlying variables but also indicate an ‘N’ shaped EKC in the long run for India indicating a departure from the traditional inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. RE consumption is found to reduce emissions, whereas gross capital formation and the interaction term between RE consumption and gross capital formation are found to raise emissions in the long run. The study concludes that India needs to align its economic policy of ‘Make in India’ with its energy policy so that investments under the former facilitate extensive penetration, adaptation and usage of renewable energy. A policy dichotomy between the two goals may defeat India’s INDC objective of drastic reduction in CO2 emissions through increased renewables by 2030.

A prospective study of the relationships between movement and glycemic control during day and night in pregnancy

Both disturbed sleep and lack of exercise can disrupt metabolism in pregnancy. Accelerometery was used to objectively assess movement during waking (physical activity) and movement during sleeping (sleep disturbance) periods and evaluated relationships with continuous blood glucose variation during pregnancy. Data was analysed prospectively. 15-women without pre-existing diabetes mellitus wore continuous glucose monitors and triaxial accelerometers from February through June 2018 in Sweden. The relationships between physical activity and sleep disturbance with blood glucose rate of change were assessed. An interaction term was fitted to determine difference in the relationship between movement and glucose variation, conditional on waking/sleeping. Total movement was inversely related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (− 0.037, − 0.026)). Stratified analyses showed total physical activity was inversely related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (− 0.040, − 0.028)), whereas sleep disturbance was not related to glucose rate of change (p = 0.07, 95% CI (< − 0.001, 0.013)). The interaction term was positively related to glucose rate of change (p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.029, 0.047)). This study provides temporal evidence of a relationship between total movement and glycemic control in pregnancy, which is conditional on time of day. Movement is beneficially related with glycemic control while awake, but not during sleep.

SELCIE: a tool for investigating the chameleon field of arbitrary sources

The chameleon model is a modified gravity theory that introduces an additional scalar field that couples to matter through a conformal coupling. This `chameleon field' possesses a screening mechanism through a nonlinear self-interaction term which allows the field to affect cosmological observables in diffuse environments whilst still being consistent with current local experimental constraints. Due to the self-interaction term the equations of motion of the field are nonlinear and therefore difficult to solve analytically. The analytic solutions that do exist in the literature are either approximate solutions and or only apply to highly symmetric systems. In this work we introduce the software package SELCIE (https://github.com/C-Briddon/SELCIE.git). This package equips the user with tools to construct an arbitrary system of mass distributions and then to calculate the corresponding solution to the chameleon field equation. It accomplishes this by using the finite element method and either the Picard or Newton nonlinear solving methods. We compared the results produced by SELCIE with analytic results from the literature including discrete and continuous density distributions. We found strong (sub-percentage) agreement between the solutions calculated by SELCIE and the analytic solutions.

Support Quality Moderates the Impact of Total Household Occupancy on Self-Care Neglect in Informal Caregivers

Caregiver self-care may be impacted by the household environment. We evaluated the impact of support quality (e.g., ratings of quality of emotional support, information, material help, errands performed by others) and total household occupancy on a validated measure of self-care neglect in caregivers of patients with heart failure. Multivariate regression modeling was used to examine predictors of self-care neglect and we introduced an interaction term between support quality and household occupancy. The main effects model included terms for years of caregiving experience, hours caregiving daily, support quality, and total household occupancy (R2: 0.31; p &lt;0.05). The interaction term between support quality and household occupancy contributed significantly (p &lt; .05) to the respecified model (R2: 0.41; p &lt;0.05). We suggest that the potential benefit of total household occupancy on caregiver self-care depends on perceived support quality. Clinicians should assess quality of household resources with caregivers during interactions.

The association between gut microbiome affecting concomitant medication and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with stage IV NSCLC

Several observational studies suggested that gut microbiome-affecting-medication impairs the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We postulated that if the effectiveness of immunotherapy is affected by drug-related changes of the microbiome, a stronger association between the use of co-medication and overall survival (OS) will be observed in patients treated with immunotherapy as compared to patients treated with chemotherapy. In a retrospective matched cohort study, immunotherapy patients were matched (1:1) to patients treated with chemotherapy in the pre immunotherapy era. The association between the use of antibiotics, opioids, proton pump inhibitors, metformin and other antidiabetics on OS was assessed with multivariable cox-regression analyses. Interaction tests were applied to investigate whether the association differs between patients treated with immuno- or chemotherapy. A total of 442 patients were studied. The use of antibiotics was associated with worse OS (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 1.39, p = 0.02) independent of the type of therapy (chemotherapy or immunotherapy). The use of opioids was also associated with worse OS (aHR 1.33, p = 0.01). The other drugs studied showed no association with OS. Interaction term testing showed no effect modification by immuno- or chemotherapy for the association of antibiotics and opioids with OS. The use of antibiotics and opioids is similarly associated with worse outcomes in both chemotherapy and immunotherapy treated NSCLC patients. This suggests that the association is likely to be a consequence of confounding rather than disturbing the composition of the microbiome.

Exploration of interacting dynamical dark energy model with interaction term including the equation-of-state parameter: alleviation of the H0 tension

We explore a scenario of interacting dynamical dark energy model with the interaction term Q including the varying equation-of-state parameter w. Using the data combination of the cosmic microwave background, the baryon acoustic oscillation, and the type Ia supernovae, to global fit the interacting dynamical dark energy model, we find that adding a factor of the varying w in the function of Q can change correlations between the coupling constant β and other parameters, and then has a huge impact on the fitting result of β. In this model, the fitting value of H 0 is lower at the 3.54σ level than the direct measurement value of H 0. Comparing to the case of interacting dynamical dark energy model with Q excluding w, the model with Q including the constant w is more favored by the current mainstream observation. To obtain higher fitting values of H 0 and narrow the discrepancy of H 0 between different observations, additional parameters including the effective number of relativistic species, the total neutrino mass, and massive sterile neutrinos are considered in the interacting dynamical dark energy cosmology. We find that the H 0 tension can be further reduced in these models, but is still at the about 3σ level.

Influence of Obesity on Heart Rate Variability in Nurses with Age and Shift Type as Moderators

Obesity is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease-related mortality and may be associated with changes in the autonomic nerve activity. Nurses working shifts and caring for patients are under great mental and physical pressure, and research has proven that these can negatively affect the body. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of obesity in nurses on their heart rate variability (HRV) and determine whether age or shift type moderates this influence. A questionnaire survey and HRV measurements were conducted on nurses at a hospital in Taiwan during a routine employee health checkup. HRV analysis was conducted using a noninvasive HRV monitor for five minutes. A total of 242 nurses with a mean age of 28.98 ± 6.56 years were enrolled in this study. An overly large waist circumference (WC) had a negative impact on high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and standard deviation of normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), while an overly high body mass index (BMI) had a negative impact on very low frequency (VLF) and SDNN. The interaction term “overly large WC × age” had a negative impact on HF ( β = − 0.21 , p = 0.010 ) and LF ( β = − 0.18 , p = 0.030 ), whereas the interaction term “overly high BMI×age” had a negative impact on HF ( β = − 0.27 , p = 0.001 ), LF ( β = − 0.19 , p = 0.023 ), and VLF ( β = − 0.17 , p = 0.045 ). The interaction terms “overly large WC × shift type” and “overly high BMI × shift type” did not influence any HRV parameters. As age increased, so did the degree to which the HF and LF of nurses with an overly large WC were lower than normal, and so did the degree to which the HF, LF, and VLF of nurses with an overly high BMI were lower than normal.

Interacting Rényi holographic dark energy with parametrization on the interaction term

In this work, we study the Rényi holographic dark energy (RHDE) model in a flat FRW Universe where the infrared cut-off is taken care by the Hubble horizon and also by taking three different parametrizations of the interaction term between the dark matter and the dark energy. Analyzing graphically, the behavior of some cosmological parameters in particular deceleration parameter, equation of state (EoS) parameter, energy density parameter and squared speed of sound, in the process of the cosmic evolution, is found to be leading towards the late-time accelerated expansion of the RHDE model. Also, we find the departure for the derived models from the standard [Formula: see text]CDM model according to the evolution of jerk parameter. Moreover, we compare the model parameters by considering the observational Hubble data which consist of 51 points in the redshift range [Formula: see text].