Effects of Listeners' Experience on Two Measures of Intelligibility

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Donald J. Fucci
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Continued Use

10 speech-language pathologists with extensive experience in judging speakers' intelligibility and 10 control subjects with no such previous experience provided written identification and magnitude-estimation scaling judgments of the intelligibility of nine audiotaped speech samples. Analysis indicated no significant main effect for experience on either the written identification or the magnitude-estimation scaling tasks. Implications for the continued use of magnitude-estimation scaling as a measure of speech intelligibility are discussed.

Magnitude-Estimation Scaling of Speech Intelligibility: Effects of Listeners' Experience and Semantic-Syntactic Context

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Ellis ◽  
Donald J. Fucci
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syntactic Context

Fifteen speech-language pathologists with extensive experience judging speakers' intelligibility and 15 control subjects with no such previous experience provided magnitude-estimation responses for two sets of nine audiotaped speech samples. These samples were three utterances composed of a group of 17 words that contained all the consonant phonemes of English. These words were arranged to form a set of either meaningful or nonsense utterances. Nine separate versions of both the meaningful and nonsense utterances were created by systematically increasing the number of phonemes produced incorrectly on each of the nine recordings. The analysis indicated no significant difference between the magnitude-estimation scaling responses of experienced and inexperienced listeners. A significant over-all difference was found for listeners' responses to meaningful versus nonsense utterances. The advantages of magnitude-estimation scaling as a measure of speakers' intelligibility are discussed.

Effects of Gender on Listeners' Judgments of Speech Intelligibility

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ellis ◽  
Donald Fucci ◽  
Loriann Reynolds ◽  
Barbaranne Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Speaker ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Speaker ◽  
Female Subjects

Effects of gender on listeners' judgments of intelligibility were investigated. Subjects (15 women; 15 men) provided magnitude-estimation scaling responses and over-all impressions of the intelligibility of a male and female speaker's comparable versions of audiotaped speech samples varying systematically in terms of the number of phonemes produced correctly. There was no significant difference between male and female subjects' magnitude-estimation scaling responses; however, their over-all impressions of the intelligibility of the speakers tended to differ. Women indicated that the male speaker was more understandable, and men indicated that the female speaker was more understandable. Magnitude-estimation scaling may provide an objective means for evaluating a speaker's intelligibility. It appears to transcend gender-biases associated with judgments of speech intelligibility.

scholarly journals Comparison of Glidescope Core, C-MAC Miller and conventional Miller laryngoscope for difficult airway management by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience in a simulated Pierre Robin sequence: A randomized crossover manikin study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250369
Author(s):  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
Luise Holzhauser ◽  
Tobias Fuchte ◽  
Sven Kremer ◽  
Joachim Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Pierre Robin Sequence ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Robin Sequence ◽  
Pierre Robin

Background Video laryngoscopy is an effective tool in the management of difficult pediatric airway. However, evidence to guide the choice of the most appropriate video laryngoscope (VL) for airway management in pediatric patients with Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS) is insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Glidescope® Core™ with a hyperangulated blade, the C-MAC® with a nonangulated Miller blade (C-MAC® Miller) and a conventional Miller laryngoscope when used by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience in simulated Pierre Robin sequence. Methods Forty-three anesthetists with limited experience and forty-three anesthetists with extensive experience participated in our randomized crossover manikin trial. Each performed endotracheal intubation with the Glidescope® Core™ with a hyperangulated blade, the C-MAC® with a Miller blade and the conventional Miller laryngoscope. “Time to intubate” was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were “time to vocal cords”, “time to ventilate”, overall success rate, number of intubation attempts and optimization maneuvers, Cormack-Lehane score, severity of dental trauma and subjective impressions. Results Both hyperangulated and nonangulated VLs provided superior intubation conditions. The Glidescope® Core™ enabled the best glottic view, caused the least dental trauma and significantly decreased the “time to vocal cords”. However, the failure rate of intubation was 14% with the Glidescope® Core™, 4.7% with the Miller laryngoscope and only 2.3% with the C-MAC® Miller when used by anesthetists with extensive previous experience. In addition, the “time to intubate”, the “time to ventilate” and the number of optimization maneuvers were significantly increased using the Glidescope® Core™. In the hands of anesthetists with limited previous experience, the failure rate was 11.6% with the Glidescope® Core™ and 7% with the Miller laryngoscope. Using the C-MAC® Miller, the overall success rate increased to 100%. No differences in the “time to intubate” or “time to ventilate” were observed. Conclusions The nonangulated C-MAC® Miller facilitated correct placement of the endotracheal tube and showed the highest overall success rate. Our results therefore suggest that the C-MAC® Miller could be beneficial and may contribute to increased safety in the airway management of infants with PRS when used by anesthetists with limited and extensive experience.

Communicative Responsibility and Semantic Task in Aphasia and “Schizophasia”

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Goldfarb ◽  
Beatrice Stocker ◽  
Jon Eisenson ◽  
Susan Desanti
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Semantic Task ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normal Elderly Control ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Elderly Control

A probe technique requiring convergent and divergent semantic behavior and representing five levels of communicative responsibility served as the research tool. Stimuli were presented to 29 aphasic adults (13 Broca's, 7 Wernicke's, and 9 anomic), 26 adults with chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia, and 32 normal elderly control subjects. Within each group significant differences were observed on the semantic task (convergent and divergent) and on level of communicative responsibility. Among subjects with aphasia, differences appeared to relate more to severity than type. Differences between unclassified aphasic and “schizophasic” groups occurred only when multiword responses were required. We conclude that continued use of the term “schizophasia” may be unwarranted and that the linguistic behaviors we observed in aphasia and the language of schizophrenia may contribute to differential diagnosis.

Psychological Scaling of Speech by Students in Training Compared to That by Experienced Speech-Language Pathologists

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1299-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert F. Schliesser
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists

Direct magnitude estimation was the psychological rating technique for obtaining ratings of severity of the speech of 16 cerebral palsied dysarthric speakers. The ratings of students in training (inexperienced) were compared to those of experienced speech-language pathologists. For this method and this communication disorder, students' ratings were comparable to those of the professionals.

scholarly journals The Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrill R. Morris ◽  
Kim A. Wilcox ◽  
Tracy L. Schooling
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Children's Speech

Documenting changes in speech intelligibility across time is an important but difficult task for speech-language pathologists. This study reports on the development and initial testing of the Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure (PSIM), a single-word, multiple-choice intelligibility measure. The PSIM is adapted from the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1981) and is designed to plot changes in children's speech intelligibility across time. This instrument is offered as an addition to the existing array of available speech intelligibility measures.

Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Intelligibility Measures in Adults With Dysarthria

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Gurevich ◽  
Sydney L. Scamihorn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Veterans Affairs Hospitals ◽  
Physical Examinations

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with adults with dysarthria were surveyed to investigate trends of clinical practice for assessing speech intelligibility. Method Two hundred ninety-six SLPs responded to an online survey October 22–November 30, 2015. Results Findings showed that 35% of SLPs lacked access to any standardized assessments of intelligibility, with 66% of these implicating cost as the main reason. Work settings played a role, as all SLPs working in Veterans Affairs hospitals and 97% of SLPs working in university or research clinics reported access to at least one formal assessment. Even with access to formal tools to measure intelligibility, most SLPs preferred less formal measures. It is surprising to note that many SLPs reported using physical examinations (e.g., of cranial nerves and oral mechanisms) to measure speech intelligibility. Conclusions Results indicate the need to increase SLP familiarity with, and access to, currently available standardized assessments, as well as to improve education regarding the fundamental need to rate speech to assess intelligibility. Clinicians may also benefit from new standardized methods to objectively assess intelligibility that are accessible, practical, and efficient.

scholarly journals Acoustic Correlates of Breathy Vocal Quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Ronald A. Cleveland ◽  
Robert L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Harmonic Amplitude ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Spectral Tilt

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of several acoustic measures in predicting breathiness ratings. Recordings were made of eight normal men and seven normal women producing normally phonated, moderately breathy, and very breathy sustained vowels. Twenty listeners rated the degree of breathiness using a direct magnitude estimation procedure. Acoustic measures were made of: (a) signal periodicity, (b) first harmonic amplitude, and (c) spectral tilt. Periodicity measures provided the most accurate predictions of perceived breathiness, accounting for approximately 80% of the variance in breathiness ratings. The relative amplitude of the first harmonic correlated moderately with breathiness ratings, and two measures of spectral tilt correlated weakly with perceived breathiness.

scholarly journals So What If I Dont Have An iPhone? The Unintended Consequences Of Using Arrogance In Advertising

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon T. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Main Effect

Although the effects of arrogance on relationships have been studied within the field of personality and social psychology, there is a lack of research on the effects of corporate arrogance on relationships with consumers. In the current research, the author examines the effect of corporate arrogance (operationalized through the use of arrogance in a commercial) on consumers attitudes toward the brand and on their purchase intentions toward the product. In one experiment the author demonstrates that the use of arrogance in commercials has opposite effects on attitudes depending on a consumers previous experience with the brand. Specifically, individuals who are current users of the advertised product display an increase in attitudes, while those who do not currently use the advertised product demonstrate a decrease. Interestingly, the use of arrogance in commercials has a main effect on consumers purchase intentions. Specifically, all consumers, regardless of their previous experience with the advertised product, exhibit lower purchase intentions toward said product. This work makes a significant contribution to the field as it suggests that companies need to be especially careful about utilizing arrogance in their advertising because it may generate the opposite effect than what was intended.

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