Speculations in “Temporal Delays in Incorporation of Events into Dreams”: A Reply to Roll

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Powell ◽  
Tore A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Repetition Compulsion ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Adaptation Model

Previously we pointed out similarities between patterns of delayed incorporations of daytime stimuli into dreams and delayed memory processes in rats. In commenting upon this article, Roll argued that this reductionistic leap is unwarranted. We contend that it would be remiss not to make note of this potential connection, especially in view of recent major contributions of animal research to the understanding of REM sleep and dreams. We also suggest that the disruption-avoidance-adaptation model constitutes a preferable psychological explanation for the dream-lag effect than Roll's psychoanalytic model of repression and repetition compulsion.

The significance of non-REM sleep for memory processes in elderly subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Albrecht ◽  
OP Hornung ◽  
F Regen ◽  
H Danker-Hopfe ◽  
M Schreqdl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Memory Processes

Memory Processes Involved in Morning Recall of Mental Rem-Sleep Experience: A Psycholinguistic Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cipolli ◽  
P. Salzarulo ◽  
A. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Morning Report ◽  
Physiological Variable ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Night Awakening

For two nights 10 subjects were asked to recall their mental sleep experience after experimental awakening during REM sleep (night report) and again upon spontaneous morning awakening (morning report). The two types of report were subjected to linguistic analysis and compared. The number of sentences used to describe the mental sleep experience, their syntactic structures, and over-all report length were similar. Those contents common to both reports were in both cases encoded in about one fourth of the sleep-related kernel sentences, these kernel sentences being distributed over about two-thirds of the sentences of the report, generally the longer ones. The organization of the morning reports reflects the consolidation of the contents in memory. The only significant physiological variable, waking time, was negatively correlated to the numbers of kernel sentences and sentences reproducing contents previously encoded in the night reports. The organization of the morning report primarily appears to be the result of retrieval and encoding procedures relative to the mental sleep experience preceding the night awakening rather than simply to the encoded contents of the night report.

049 The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Emotional Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A21-A21
Author(s):  
Tony Cunningham ◽  
Divya Kishore ◽  
Mengshuang Guo ◽  
Moroke Igue ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep is critical for the processing and consolidation of emotional information into long-term memory. Previous research has indicated that emotional components of scenes particularly benefit from sleep in healthy groups, yet sleep dependent emotional memory processes remain unexplored in many clinical cohorts, including those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods In this study, a group of newly diagnosed OSA patients (n=26) and a matched group of healthy controls (n=24) encoded scenes with negative or neutral foreground objects placed on neutral backgrounds prior to a night of polysomnographically recorded sleep. In the morning, they completed a recognition test in which objects and backgrounds were presented separately and one at a time. Results OSA patients have a deficit in both overall gist memory and the specific recognition memory for the scenes. Impairment of gist recognition was across all elements of the scenes, both negative and neutral objects and backgrounds [main effect of group: F(1,48) = 13.5, p=0.001], while specific recognition impairment was exclusively found for negative objects [t(48)=2.0, p=0.05]. Across all participants, successful gist recognition correlated positively with sleep efficiency (p=0.001) and REM sleep (p=0.009), while successful specific memory recognition correlated only with REM sleep (p=0.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate that fragmented sleep and reduced REM sleep, both hallmarks of OSA, significantly disrupt distinct memory processes for emotional content. Gist memory is universally impacted, while memory for specific details appears to have a greater deterioration for negative aspects of memories. These memory affects may have impacts on complex emotional processes, such as emotion regulation, and could contribute to the high comorbid depressive symptoms in OSA. Support (if any) The authors would like to thank the funding sources awarded to author ID for supporting this research: NIH grant # K23HL103850 and American Sleep Medicine Foundation grant #54-JF-10. Author TJC is currently funded by the Research Training Program in Sleep, Circadian and Respiratory Neurobiology (NIH T32 HL007901) through the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital.

REM sleep, dreaming, and procedural memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Existing Data

In this commentary the “incredibly robust” evidence for the relationship between sleep and procedural memory is questioned; inconsistencies in the existing data are pointed out. In addition, some suggestions about extending research are made, for example, studying REM sleep augmentation or memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders. Last, the possibility of a relationship between dreaming and memory processes is discussed.

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

Phrase-Learning in Deaf and Hearing Subjects

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope B. Odom ◽  
Richard L. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Fifth Graders ◽  
English Word ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Study Test ◽  
The Mean

Two groups each containing 24 deaf subjects were compared with 24 fifth graders and 24 twelfth graders with normal hearing on the learning of segments of written English. Eight subjects from each group learned phrasally defined segments such as “paid the tall lady,” eight more learned the same words in nonphrases having acceptable English word order such as “lady paid the tall,” and the remaining eight in each group learned the same words scrambled, “lady tall the paid.” The task consisted of 12 study-test trials. Analyses of the mean number of words recalled correctly and the probability of recalling the whole phrase correctly, given that one word of it was recalled, indicated that both ages of hearing subjects showed facilitation on the phrasally defined segments, interference on the scrambled segments. The deaf groups showed no differential recall as a function of phrasal structure. It was concluded that the deaf do not possess the same perceptual or memory processes with regard to English as do the hearing subjects.

Evaluation of the vestibular system in experimental animal research: morphology and electrophysiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
M.L.Y.M. Oei ◽  
J.M. Segenhout ◽  
F. Dijk ◽  
H.P. Wit ◽  
F.W.J. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Animal Research

Animal Ethics in Animal Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rocklinsberg ◽  
Mickey Gjerris ◽  
Anna Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Animal Research

The Relationship of Interrogative Suggestibility to Memory and Attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Howard ◽  
A. Chaiwutikornwanich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Irrelevant Distractors ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Visual Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Interrogative Suggestibility ◽  
Task Irrelevant

This study combined an individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility (IS) with ERP recordings to examine two alternative hypotheses regarding the source of individual differences in IS: (1) differences in attention to task-relevant vis-à-vis task-irrelevant stimuli, and (2) differences in one or more memory processes, indexed by ERP old/new effects. Sixty-five female participants underwent an ERP recording during the 50 min interval between immediate and delayed recall of a short story. ERPs elicited by pictures that either related to the story (“old”), or did not relate to the story (“new”), were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. ERP old/new effects were examined at selected scalp regions of interest at three post-stimulus intervals: early (250-350 ms), middle (350-700 ms), and late (700-1100 ms). In addition, attention-related ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) evoked by story-relevant pictures, story-irrelevant pictures, and irrelevant distractors were measured from midline electrodes. Late (700-1100 ms) frontal ERP old/new differences reflected individual differences in IS, while early (250-350 ms) and middle latency (350-700 ms) ERP old/new differences distinguished good from poor performers in memory and oddball tasks, respectively. Differences in IS were not reflected in ERP indices of attention. Results supported an account of IS as reflecting individual differences in postretrieval memory processes.

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