Memory Processes Involved in Morning Recall of Mental Rem-Sleep Experience: A Psycholinguistic Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cipolli ◽  
P. Salzarulo ◽  
A. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Morning Report ◽  
Physiological Variable ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Night Awakening

For two nights 10 subjects were asked to recall their mental sleep experience after experimental awakening during REM sleep (night report) and again upon spontaneous morning awakening (morning report). The two types of report were subjected to linguistic analysis and compared. The number of sentences used to describe the mental sleep experience, their syntactic structures, and over-all report length were similar. Those contents common to both reports were in both cases encoded in about one fourth of the sleep-related kernel sentences, these kernel sentences being distributed over about two-thirds of the sentences of the report, generally the longer ones. The organization of the morning reports reflects the consolidation of the contents in memory. The only significant physiological variable, waking time, was negatively correlated to the numbers of kernel sentences and sentences reproducing contents previously encoded in the night reports. The organization of the morning report primarily appears to be the result of retrieval and encoding procedures relative to the mental sleep experience preceding the night awakening rather than simply to the encoded contents of the night report.

The significance of non-REM sleep for memory processes in elderly subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Albrecht ◽  
OP Hornung ◽  
F Regen ◽  
H Danker-Hopfe ◽  
M Schreqdl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Memory Processes

The Role of the Sintactic Structures in the Development of Critical Text’s Modus Meanings

10.12737/4303 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Кремер ◽  
Inessa Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Critical Text

The paper is devoted to the linguistic analysis of the modus meanings in the critical text of the scientific sphere of communication. The author demonstrates the role of the syntactic structures in the realization of modus of real and probable evaluations. As a means of interpretation analysis mental modus is used, with the help of which it is possible to reconstruct the evaluative scale of the text. The main focus of the article is concentrated on the constructions of the subordinate relations, the choice of which is predetermined pragmatically.

Speculations in “Temporal Delays in Incorporation of Events into Dreams”: A Reply to Roll

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell A. Powell ◽  
Tore A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Repetition Compulsion ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Adaptation Model

Previously we pointed out similarities between patterns of delayed incorporations of daytime stimuli into dreams and delayed memory processes in rats. In commenting upon this article, Roll argued that this reductionistic leap is unwarranted. We contend that it would be remiss not to make note of this potential connection, especially in view of recent major contributions of animal research to the understanding of REM sleep and dreams. We also suggest that the disruption-avoidance-adaptation model constitutes a preferable psychological explanation for the dream-lag effect than Roll's psychoanalytic model of repression and repetition compulsion.

049 The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Emotional Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A21-A21
Author(s):  
Tony Cunningham ◽  
Divya Kishore ◽  
Mengshuang Guo ◽  
Moroke Igue ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction A growing body of evidence suggests that sleep is critical for the processing and consolidation of emotional information into long-term memory. Previous research has indicated that emotional components of scenes particularly benefit from sleep in healthy groups, yet sleep dependent emotional memory processes remain unexplored in many clinical cohorts, including those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods In this study, a group of newly diagnosed OSA patients (n=26) and a matched group of healthy controls (n=24) encoded scenes with negative or neutral foreground objects placed on neutral backgrounds prior to a night of polysomnographically recorded sleep. In the morning, they completed a recognition test in which objects and backgrounds were presented separately and one at a time. Results OSA patients have a deficit in both overall gist memory and the specific recognition memory for the scenes. Impairment of gist recognition was across all elements of the scenes, both negative and neutral objects and backgrounds [main effect of group: F(1,48) = 13.5, p=0.001], while specific recognition impairment was exclusively found for negative objects [t(48)=2.0, p=0.05]. Across all participants, successful gist recognition correlated positively with sleep efficiency (p=0.001) and REM sleep (p=0.009), while successful specific memory recognition correlated only with REM sleep (p=0.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate that fragmented sleep and reduced REM sleep, both hallmarks of OSA, significantly disrupt distinct memory processes for emotional content. Gist memory is universally impacted, while memory for specific details appears to have a greater deterioration for negative aspects of memories. These memory affects may have impacts on complex emotional processes, such as emotion regulation, and could contribute to the high comorbid depressive symptoms in OSA. Support (if any) The authors would like to thank the funding sources awarded to author ID for supporting this research: NIH grant # K23HL103850 and American Sleep Medicine Foundation grant #54-JF-10. Author TJC is currently funded by the Research Training Program in Sleep, Circadian and Respiratory Neurobiology (NIH T32 HL007901) through the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital.

scholarly journals “Lay down branch roads, provide town sites, build barracks”: A Practical Stylistic Investigation of Hyde Clarke’s Colonization, Defence, and Railways in Our Indian Empire (1857)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Francesca Virdis
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
English Language ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Mental Attitude ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Colonial And Postcolonial Studies

In his treatise Colonization, Defence, and Railways in Our Indian Empire (1857), Hyde Clarke wholeheartedly approves of Indian colonial railways and advocates the need for the British to bring about technological progress in the subcontinent. The main research purpose of this article is to provide stylistic evidence of how Clarke relays and constructs his Anglocentric and imperial viewpoint on Indian railways. The article firstly introduces the figure of Clarke and his railway pamphlet, and discusses the keywords colonialism and colonization as defined in two authoritative nineteenthcentury dictionaries of the English language and in colonial and postcolonial studies. Secondly, moving from this field and from the field of postcolonial stylistics, the stylistic methodology defined by Ron Carter as “practical stylistics” is applied to thirteen sequences from the treatise including the keyword colonization. Finally, the definitions of colonialism and colonization are compared with Clarke’s notion of colonization as emerging from the text. This linguistic analysis hence identifies and explores the stylistic strategies utilised by the author – mainly stylistic choices at word- and phrase-level, syntactic structures and the pragmatic functions of these devices – and reveals the ways in which he conveys his colonial mental attitude to the Indian reality.

Phrasal lexemes, compounds and phrases: A constructionist perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Masini
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Lexical Items

The paper addresses the issue of the syntax-lexicon distinction from a Construction Grammar perspective. In the constructionist framework, the construction is the basic unit of linguistic analysis and there is no clear-cut division between lexical items and syntactic structures. Under this view, phenomena which are intermediate between syntax and the lexicon are expected. Apart from well-known cases such as idioms and compounds, there can be found in various languages a number of multi-word expressions that are not fully syntactic objects. I refer to these units as phrasal lexemes. The paper shows that, although phrasal lexemes follow the syntactic patterns of the language, they clearly have a lexical, naming function and, furthermore, they are more restricted compared to canonical phrases. This is exemplified by two case studies from Italian, namely noun-preposition-noun combinations and verb-conjunction-verb combinations. Construction Grammar not only offers efficient tools for describing these expressions, but also allows to treat phrasal lexemes as distinct with respect to both words and canonical phrases, without abandoning any of these notions.

scholarly journals The teaching of time in learning Modern Greek as a foreign language

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
N. Roubis ◽  
M. Montzoli
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Complex Learning ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
State Time ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Individual

The pan-linguistic significance of the time category is easy to become visible, as long as one considers that all languages contain lexical and functional / grammatical elements for its statement, although the manner of this statement diff ers from language to language. However, there is a common need to state time linguistically as one of the main categories of speech, especially if we take into account the three basic coordinates that determine the speech I-here-now. More simply, everything we say in language is part of the place and the time, regardless of whether it is expressed always lexically. Nothing, in this sense, can be timeless. As to the learning-teaching of a foreign language, the gradual acquisition of the individual vocabulary and syntactic structures that express time is a complex, learning-didactic goal that should utilize a variety of theoretical sources. We then examine some representative sources of such type, trying to present the way they include the concept of time in their structure. Finally, we suggest indicative ways to use them further in teaching practice. Specifically, we examine grammars of the Modern Greek of traditional type, newer ones based on the traditional model of linguistic analysis, modern ones with linguistic, theoretical orientation, detailed curricula for teaching Modern Greek as a foreign language and characteristic textbooks for teaching Modern Greek to foreigners

REM sleep, dreaming, and procedural memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
Existing Data

In this commentary the “incredibly robust” evidence for the relationship between sleep and procedural memory is questioned; inconsistencies in the existing data are pointed out. In addition, some suggestions about extending research are made, for example, studying REM sleep augmentation or memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders. Last, the possibility of a relationship between dreaming and memory processes is discussed.

scholarly journals Linguistic power bases and structures in Kopstukke (1992) by Jeanne Goosen

Literator ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
B. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Power

This article argues that in Kopstukke a linguistic analysis of the text can illustrate how specific gendered relations operating within the text are supported by the linguistic fibre of the text. In Kopstukke the linguistic ecology which is created within the boundaries of the text supports a "postfeminist" perception of gendered relations and relations of dominance in general. It is argued that by violating certain stereotypical linguistic boundaries (e.g. syntactic structures, linguistic taboos, discourse strategies), barriers operating within the society (which is mirrored in the text) are dismantled.

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