Reinforcement by Stimuli Associated with S—

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Light ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
S Period

Three pigeons were trained in a situation where they responded on a FR schedule in the presence of a yellow light. Following the completion of each FR the key was darkened for either 30 sec. or 2 min. (S— period). A peck to the dark key produced one of two colors; green if the 30-sec. S— period was in effect; blue if the 2-min. S— period was in effect. The birds responded to produce these stimuli but showed a rate decrease when the two colors were no longer correlated with the duration of S —. One of the 3 subjects had probably formed a superstitious chain during training and the results from this subject were equivocal.

How Useful is the Power Law of Practice for Recognizing Practice in Concentration Tests?

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Hagemeister
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Small Practice

Abstract. When concentration tests are completed repeatedly, reaction time and error rate decrease considerably, but the underlying ability does not improve. In order to overcome this validity problem this study aimed to test if the practice effect between tests and within tests can be useful in determining whether persons have already completed this test. The power law of practice postulates that practice effects are greater in unpracticed than in practiced persons. Two experiments were carried out in which the participants completed the same tests at the beginning and at the end of two test sessions set about 3 days apart. In both experiments, the logistic regression could indeed classify persons according to previous practice through the practice effect between the tests at the beginning and at the end of the session, and, less well but still significantly, through the practice effect within the first test of the session. Further analyses showed that the practice effects correlated more highly with the initial performance than was to be expected for mathematical reasons; typically persons with long reaction times have larger practice effects. Thus, small practice effects alone do not allow one to conclude that a person has worked on the test before.

Rational construction of staggered InGaN quantum wells for efficient yellow light-emitting diodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. 182102
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhao ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Liyan Gong ◽  
Junchun Bai ◽  
Jiafeng Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Rational Construction ◽  
Ingan Quantum Wells

Seismic site response in the greater Vancouver, British Columbia, area: spectral ratios from moderate earthquakes

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Cassidy ◽  
Garry C Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Spectral Ratios ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seismic Site Response ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
S Period

Three-component, digital recordings of two recent moderate earthquakes provide valuable new insight into the response to seismic shaking in the greater Vancouver area, particularly on the Fraser River delta. The 1996 M = 5.1 Duvall, Washington, earthquake (180 km southeast of Vancouver) triggered strong-motion seismographs at seven sites and the 1997 M = 4.3 Georgia Strait earthquake (37 km west of Vancouver) triggered instruments at 13 sites in the greater Vancouver area. The latter data set is especially important because it contains the first three-component recordings made on bedrock in greater Vancouver. Both data sets represent weak ground motion, with peak horizontal accelerations of 0.5-1.5% gravity (g) for the Duvall earthquake, and 0.2-2.4% g for the Georgia Strait earthquake. Using the method of spectral ratios, we estimate the site response for each of the strong-motion instrument soil sites. On the Fraser River delta amplification is observed over a relatively narrow frequency range of 1.5-4 Hz (0.25-0.67 s period), with peak amplification of 4-10 (relative to competent bedrock) for the thick soil delta centre sites, and about 7-11 for the delta edge sites. Relative to firm soil, the peak amplification ranges from 2 to 5 for the thick soil delta centre sites, and 2 to 6 for the delta edge sites. At higher frequencies, little or no amplification, and in many cases slight attenuation, is observed.Key words: seismic site response, Fraser delta, earthquakes.

Comparison of Plastic Single-use and Metal Reusable Laryngoscope Blades for Orotracheal Intubation during Rapid Sequence Induction of Anesthesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Amour ◽  
Frédéric Marmion ◽  
Aurélie Birenbaum ◽  
Armelle Nicolas-Robin ◽  
Pierre Coriat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Sequence Induction ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Failed Intubation ◽  
Cluster Randomization ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Lehane Grade ◽  
Sequence Induction ◽  
Single Use ◽  
S Period ◽  
Laryngoscope Blades

Background Plastic single-use laryngoscope blades are inexpensive and carry a lower risk of infection compared with metal reusable blades, but their efficiency during rapid sequence induction remains a matter of debate. The authors therefore compared plastic and metal blades during rapid sequence induction in a prospective randomized trial. Methods Two hundred eighty-four adult patients undergoing general anesthesia requiring rapid sequence induction were randomly assigned on a weekly basis to either plastic single-use or reusable metal blades (cluster randomization). After induction, a 60-s period was allowed to complete intubation. In the case of failed intubation, a second attempt was performed using metal blade. The primary endpoint of the study was the rate of failed intubations, and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of complications (oxygen desaturation, lung aspiration, and oropharynx trauma). Results Both groups were similar in their main characteristics, including risk factors for difficult intubation. On the first attempt, the rate of failed intubation was significantly increased in plastic blade group (17 vs. 3%; P < 0.01). In metal blade group, 50% of failed intubations were still difficult after the second attempt. In plastic blade group, all initial failed intubations were successfully intubated using metal blade, with an improvement in Cormack and Lehane grade. There was a significant increase in the complication rate in plastic group (15 vs. 6%; P < 0.05). Conclusions In rapid sequence induction of anesthesia, the plastic laryngoscope blade is less efficient than a metal blade and thus should not be recommended for use in this clinical setting.

Self-Activated Yellow Light Emitting Phosphors of α, β-Ca3B2N4 with Long Afterglow Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (21) ◽  
pp. 10990-10998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyan Ding ◽  
Quansheng Wu ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Qiang Long ◽  
Yichao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Long Afterglow
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