Multilingual Education

The purpose of the study is the research of the opportunities for developing professional foreign language communicative competence within the concept of multilingual education. The study is based on the method of the experiment, presented by a survey of students. The course was tested by 70 master's degree students of Gumilyov Eurasian National University. The functionality of the Google Meet communication platform and mobile applications has created a comfortable environment for learning Business English. The educational course revealed students’ ability to carry out high-quality communication. The results show that students improved their skills in spontaneous business discussion with rational construction of communication, proper speech intonation, lexical sufficiency within the framework of speech topics, and grammatical correctness. The practical significance and prospects for further research are presented by the opportunity of using the developed methodology in the process of communicative competency formation by students of different specialties.

Constitutional Reform, Change of the System and Choices Maximizing Social Utility Function

The paper provides a critical analysis of J. Buchanan’s project of constitutional political economy. It is considered in order to make sense of the present-day political and social crisis in Bulgaria. This innovative project for liberalism proposes a more adequate version of the contractual theory through constitutional rules that determine the rational construction of the state and the common life of the people. They choose to obey these rules, guided by the idea of maximizing the social function of benefit. In the search of a path to social change in Bulgaria, we can learn from the conservative elements in the conception of Buchanan and his followers.

Clustering and Halogen Effects Enabled Red/Near-Infrared Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Aliphatic Cyclic Imides

<a>Pure organics with room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are urgently demanded in advanced optoelectronic and bioelectronic applications. However, currently reported phosphors are mostly aromatics and restricted to blue to orange colors. It remains an enormous challenge to achieve red and near-infrared (NIR) RTP, particularly for those from nonaromatics. Here we demonstrate a series of cyclic imides derived from succinimide, which can emit red (665, 690 nm) and even NIR (745 nm) RTP with outstanding efficiencies of up to 9.2%, despite their rather limited molecular conjugations. Such unique emission should be ascribed to the presence of the imide unit and heavy atoms, effective molecular clustering, and the electron delocalization of halogens, which not only greatly facilitate intersystem crossing, but also afford significantly extended through-space conjugation and rigidified conformations.</a> These results pave the way to the rational construction of red and NIR nonconventional luminophores through synergistic clustering and halogen effects.