Relaxation, Stress, and Palmar Skin Potential Level in Smokers and Non-Smokers

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verner J. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Skin Potential ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relaxation Stress ◽  
High Level ◽  
Palmar Skin ◽  
Potential Level

Palmar skin potential level was examined as an index of speed of relaxation in 8 non-smokers, 8 smokers low in arousal, and 8 high in arousal during resting periods before and after an interpolated stressor. The former were smokers who experienced their strongest need to smoke in low-arousal situations characterized by, e.g., monotony and low-level stimulation, while the latter experienced their strongest need to smoke in high-arousal situations characterized by, e.g., anxiety and high-level stimulation. The rate and the amount of reduction in negativity of pre-stressor palmar skin potential level was significantly greater in non-smokers. No significant differences were observed between the groups of smokers. Stress significantly retarded relaxation in nonsmokers to a level comparable to the two groups of smokers.

Triggering of transient LES relaxations in ferrets: role of sympathetic pathways and effects of baclofen

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. G157-G162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Staunton ◽  
Scott D. Smid ◽  
John Dent ◽  
L. Ashley Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Gastric Distention ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Splanchnic Mechanoreceptors ◽  
High Level

Activation of gastric vagal mechanoreceptors by distention is thought to be the trigger for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR), which lead to gastroesophageal reflux. The contribution of higher-threshold gastric splanchnic mechanoreceptors is uninvestigated. GABABreceptor agonists, including baclofen, potently reduce triggering of TLESR by low-level gastric distention. We aimed to determine first whether this effect of baclofen is maintained at high-level distention and second the role of splanchnic pathways in triggering TLESR. Micromanometric/pH studies in conscious ferrets showed that intragastric glucose infusion (25 ml) increased triggering of TLESR and reflux. Both were significantly reduced by baclofen (7 μmol/kg ip) ( P < 0.05). When 40 ml of air was added to the glucose infusion, more TLESR occurred than with glucose alone ( P < 0.01). These were also reduced by baclofen ( P < 0.001). TLESR after glucose/air infusion were assessed before and after splanchnectomy (2–4, 9–11, and 23–25 days), which revealed no change. Baclofen inhibits TLESR after both low- and high-level gastric distention. Splanchnic pathways do not contribute to increased triggering of TLESR by high-level gastric distention.

scholarly journals Contribuições do cuidado de enfermagem na redução da dor em clientes com dermatoses imunobolhosas: avaliação pela lógica fuzzi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euzeli Da Silva Brandão ◽  
Iraci Dos Santos ◽  
Regina Serrão Lanzillotti
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
High Level

Aim: to evaluate the intensity of the client’s pain with autoimmune bullous  dermatoses,  before  and  after the  protocol  of  nursing  care  is  applied to  a  client with autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Method: the data were treated using fuzzy logic. Results: when associating the implementation of the protocol with pain reduction in the 14 study subjects the following stand out: in T0, seven subjects presented high levels of pain, with a pertinence of 1.0; in T1, 24 hours after intervention, eight presented a low level of pain, with pertinences ranging from 1.0 and 0.75, and only one with high level of pain;  in  T2,  only  one  remained  with  a  high  level  of  pain.  Discussion:  the  use  of analgesics prior to application of the protocol demonstrates that change in pain intensity was  not  influenced  by  use  of  medication,  but  rather  by  the  implemented  care. Conclusion: based on the classifications of fuzzy logic, there was a significant reduction of pain levels, especially in the first 24 hours.

scholarly journals Failure of VITEK2 to reliably detect vanB- mediated vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah V. Walker ◽  
Martina Wolke ◽  
Georg Plum ◽  
Robert E. Weber ◽  
Guido Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

AbstractObjectivesThe increasing prevalence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) necessitates a reliable detection of VRE especially for low level resistance mediated by vanB in Enterococcus faecium. In this prospective study we analyzed if vanB mediated vancomycin resistance can be reliably detected by Vitek2.Methods1344 enterococcal isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested by Vitek2 (bioMérieux, Nürtingen, Germany). Additionally, a bacterial suspension (0.5 McFarland) was inoculated on a chromID VRE screening agar (bioMérieux) and incubated for 48 hours. If vancomycin was tested susceptible by Vitek2 but growth was detected on the screening agar a PCR for vanA/vanB was performed (GeneXpert vanA/B test kit, Cepheid, Frankfurt, Germany). MICs of vancomycin susceptible by Vitek but vanA/B positive isolates were determined before and after cultivation in a broth with increasing concentration of vancomycin.Results156/492 of E. faecium were VRE, predominantly vanB (87.0%) of which 14 were not identified as VRE by Vitek2 (sensitivity 91.0%). The majority (9/14) demonstrated high-level MICs by broth dilution. Even after exposure to increasing vancomycin concentrations MICs remained nearly identical. Three of the undetected isolates demonstrated initial growth on chromID VRE, after the vancomycin exposure additional 7 isolates demonstrated growth on chromID VRE.ConclusionsVitek2 fails to detect vanB mediated vancomycin resistance consistently, especially but not limited to low-level resistance. As this may lead to treatment failure and further dissemination of vanB VRE, additional methods (e.g. culture on VRE screening agar or PCR) are necessary to reliably identify vanB-positive enterococci in clinical routine.

Change in palmar skin potential level during relaxation after stress

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Christie ◽  
P.H. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Skin Potential ◽  
Palmar Skin ◽  
Potential Level

Human Movement-Related Brain Potentials Preceding Voluntary Movements in Different Arousal States Monitored with Skin Potential Level

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Masaki ◽  
Noriyoshi Takasawa ◽  
Katuo Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Readiness Potential ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Skin Potential ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Potential Level

The present study investigated the readiness potential (RP) preceding a brisk extension of the right middle finger during different arousal states as monitored by skin potential level (SPL). The late component of the readiness potential in the medium arousal state was significantly larger than those in the low and high arousal states. This finding indicates that the RP waveform may vary as a function of arousal stares suggesting the inverse U-shaped relationship proposed in studies of the contingent negative variation.

scholarly journals Neural Timing Deficits Prevalent in Developmental Disorders, Aging, and Concussions Remediated Rapidly By Movement Discrimination Exercises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Lawton ◽  
John Shelley-Tremblay ◽  
Ming-Xiong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Source Imaging ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Movement Discrimination

(1) Background: Substantial evidence that neural timing deficits are prevalent in developmental disorders, aging, and concussions resulting from a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) is presented. We show that if timing deficits are remediated using low-level movement discrimination training, then high-level cognitive skills, including reading, attention, processing speed, and working memory improve substantially. (2) Methods: Two case studies are presented using MEG source imaging on an adult dyslexic, and a healthy older adult observed before and after training on movement discrimination two times/week for 8 weeks for adult dyslexic. (3) Results: We found improvements in reading, attention, processing speed, and working memory on neuropsychological tests. Substantial MEG signal increases in visual Motion Networks (V1, V3, MT, MST), Attention Networks (ACC, dlPFC, vlPFC and precuneous/ PCC areas) and Memory Networks (dlPFC). (4) Conclusions: Improving neural timing deficits before cognitive exercises to improve specific cognitive skills provides a rapid and effective method to improve cognitive skills. Improving the timing and sensitivity of low-level dorsal pathways, improving feedforward and feedback pathways, is essential to improve high-level cognitive skills. This adaptive training with substantial feedback shows cognitive transfer to tasks not trained on, significantly improving a person’s quality of life rapidly and effectively.

scholarly journals Empirical research of the structure of professional reflection of teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
S. I. Tabachnikov ◽  
N. O. Mykhalchuk ◽  
Ye. M. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
High Level ◽  
Potential Level

Background. The current social situation in Ukraine demands the researches of objective and subjective conditions that determine the professional development of teachers in general and the development of their professional reflection in particular, which are related to the real system of professional training of students at higher school. Objective – to analyze the reflection as one of the psychological mechanisms of self-control, which, in turn, ensures the personal growth of a future teacher. Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results which had been obtained for the component «experience of reflection» of teachers (128 teachers of Rivne State University of the Humanities were participated in the empirical part of the research. The research lasted during 2017). Methods of the research – analytical, empirical, statistical. Results. The authors of the article identified four levels of professional self-determination of the first-year students who studied at higher school: 1) a high level of professional self-determination is the manifestation of a multi-component professional motive; the presence of a clear idea of the image of a teacher with a lot of professionally relevant qualities; the development of objective self-esteem, active and positive attitude to the profession and the purpose of studying at a higher school – at last to become a professional teacher. Students with a high level of professional self-determination formed a group of «well-professionally oriented» students: 2) middle (potential) level of professional self-determination – the manifestation of two-component professional motive (stable desire to become a teacher, the ability to work with people); the development of active and positive attitude towards the profession and the purpose of studying at a higher educational institution to become a teacher of a foreign language. Students with a potential level of self-determination were classified as «professionally oriented»; 3) low level of professional self-determination – the manifestation of one-component professional motive (the desire to become a teacher), which in its content – amorphous, unstable, because in its basis – only the emotional attitude to the profession («like – do not like»); the perception of the pedagogical profession is superficial, fragmented, and, as a result, passive-positive attitude to the profession and objectives of studying at a higher educational establishment. Students with a low level of self-determination made up a group of «weakly professionally oriented»; 4) very low level of professional self-determination – manifestation of uncertain attitude to the profession, self-restraint from it; motives and goals of entering higher educational institutions can be regarded as emotionally cognitive-orientated («just interesting», «may be like», «try»). These students formed a group of «professionally non-oriented» ones. Conclusions. Subjective conditions that influence the development of professional reflection of future teachers of a foreign language were such as: professional orientation of the person in his/her future activity; the development of intellectual abilities; students’ activity in their professional development and mastering of professional reflection.

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

Effect of heightened interoceptive awareness among smokers on misinterpretation of emotional arousal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minseung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Park ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Amplification Bias ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Arousal

We investigated the differences in the emotional experiences of people who smoke and have damaged interoceptive awareness. Interoception is the sensation of the physiological condition of the body, and it has 2 biases: neglect and amplification of bodily feedback. We recruited 72 participants and divided them into 4 groups according to smoking status and interoceptive bias based on their scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. All groups assessed their physiological and subjective arousal before and after watching video clips (positive–low arousal, positive–high arousal, negative–low arousal, negative–high arousal, neutral). The results indicated that people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who smoked showed stronger subjective arousal to neutral stimuli. In contrast, people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who did not smoke showed stronger subjective arousal to positive stimuli. These findings suggest that people who smoke and have an amplification bias could be more likely to misinterpret neutral emotional stimuli, leading to an increased craving for smoking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document