Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF PUBLIC OFFICIAL IN CRIMINAL LAW OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Tsyvinskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Introduction. In spite of definitude of the concept of public official directly in Criminal Code of Ukraine, its definition makes many difficulties. As the result there is an absence of the only approach concerning interpretation of context and amount of the concept in theory as well as ambiguous applying of relevant criminal and legal norms in enforcement practice. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find out the subject matter of public official, as well as preparation of improvement of definition of the public official notion in criminal legislation. Results. Persons, that implement functions of a representative of authority or local self-administration, should also be referred as persons empowering the rights from state and its bodies; municipalities, bodies of local self-government make demands and solve problems, which are necessary for implementation by external respondents (entities, that are not subordinate by position and legal entities) and also implement from state, its bodies, bodies of local self-government enforcement measures in case of violations of legal norms. Organizational and regulatory functions should be exclusively considered as functions of administration working with employees that are implemented by person’s availability to make orders, instructions, commands, take encouragement and penalty measures referring to them. Administrative and economic functions should be perceived as functions of administration or disposal of other people’s property. Conclusion. Based on the research the author suggests to apply the defined term of public official instead of terms "an individual fulfilling functions of representative of authority or local self-government" "organizational and regulatory function" and "administrative and economic functions", terms "an individual empowered fulfilling state functions or local self-government", "functions concerning administration of work with employees" and "functions of administration and disposal of other people’s property" accordingly.

scholarly journals Physical activity of the university's senior students

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Kolokoltsev ◽  
Wladyslaw Jagiello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Weekly Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
Senior Students

Background and Study Aim. To prevent hypodynamics, to evaluate the volume and level of weekly physical activity of the university's senior students. Material and methods. The study involved students (n = 244) aged 19-20 years (n = 157 - boys, n = 87 - girls). The students studied in the 4th year of the Technical University (Russia). The following parameters were investigated: physical activity (PA), the intensity of metabolic processes and motor skills. The volume of weekly physical activity was determined by a short form of the IPAQ-SF physical activity questionnaire. The level of physical activity intensity was determined by the formula of a metabolic equivalent of task (MET) (min/week). According to MET, students are divided into three groups: 1st group with a high level; 2nd group with average level; 3rd group with low level. The battery of motor tests used to evaluate students' physical preparedness. Results. The total intensive and non-intensive weekly motor activity of boys was 6.2 hours (372 min). This confirms with the standard volume (6 hours) recommended by WHO. The total motor activity of the girls (intense and non-intense) was 4.5 hours (271.6 min) per week. More than a quarter of the surveyed boys had a high level of physical activity. About 62% of students had an average level and 12.7% had a low level. Among all surveyed girls 16.1% have a high level of physical activity, 41.4% had an average level and 42.5% had a low level. The results of boys with a low level of physical activity in all motor tests were lower than the results of boys with high and average levels of physical activity. The exception was the results of the Seated Forward Bend test (p <0.05). In 6 motor tests, the results of girls with a low level of physical activity were worse than the results of female students with a high level of weekly physical activity (p <0.05). There are no significant differences between the test results in girls with low and average levels of weekly physical activity.  Conclusions. After completing the course on the subject "Elective Courses in Physical Culture and Sports", the physical activity of students remains high enough. 12.7% of boys and 42.5% of girls with low levels of physical activity and MET were identified among the surveyed student population. This allows aligning them into a group at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. To reduce the hypodynamics of junior courses students at risk, it should use individually directed pedagogical technologies of physical education. In presenting the theoretical section of the subject "Physical Culture" to the senior courses students it is necessary to strengthen their motivation for independent motor activity.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Alternative Low Level Calculation Methods for the Initial Selection of Conformers of Diastereomeric Esters

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrus Metsala ◽  
Sven Tamp ◽  
Kady Danilas ◽  
Ülo Lille ◽  
Ly Villo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Butyl Esters ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Derivatizing Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Calculation ◽  
Selection Of

Critical assessment of performance of alternative molecular modeling methods depending on a specific object and goal of the investigation is a question of continuous interest. This prompted us to demonstrate the origin of the guidelines we have used for a rational choice and use of a proper low level calculation method (LLM) for an initial geometry optimization of generated conformers, with the aim of selecting a set for further optimization. What was performed herein was a comparison of LLMs: MM3, MM+, UFF, Dreiding, AM1, PM3, and PM6 on the optimization of conformers’ geometry of α-methoxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) 2-butyl esters as a set of typical diastereomeric esters of a chiral derivatizing agent. This set of esters calculated represents only compounds of this certain type in the current work. The LLM conformer energies were correlated with benchmark energies found by using higher level reference method B3LYP/6-311++G** on the geometries gained previously by optimization with LLMs. In an alternative treatment, the energy range to be covered and corresponding number of LLM optimized conformers obligatory for submitting to further optimization using a high level optimization cascade were considered on the basis of determination of the cut-off conformer (COFC).

scholarly journals Kemampuan Komunikasi Dan Pemahaman Konsep Aljabar Linier Mahasiswa Universitas Putra Indonesia ‘YPTK’ Padang

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syelfia Dewimarni
Keyword(s):  
Low Level ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Algebra Class

This research in a descriptive it was done in academic year 20016/2017. The subject of this research was SI 10 class of UPI YPTK Padang who attended linier algebra class consisted 48 students. Purpose of this research was to give description about students’ ability understanding concept of communication in Liniear algebra class with vector subtopic. Students’ ability and understanding concept of communication was described in a whole, students with high level and student with low level. Research instrumentation was ability and understanding communication concept test. Test result was descripted quantitatively and some of students’ answer was descripted qualitatively. Based on result, for the students’ communication ability 63,58% in a whole, 50,05% in high level and 50% in a low level had ability in a making a presentation with visual or picture to clearer the problem and to facilitate its solution. For students’ understanding in communication concept 65,44% in a whole, 81,34% in high level and 46,29% in low level who understanding concept ability in explain the concept correctly and use the concept in right way.

scholarly journals On the question of lending to individuals with different level of self-actualization

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Oxana Vasil'evna Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Loan Debt ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

The subject of this research is the indicators of attitude on the lending to individuals with different level of self-actualization. This article examines the differences in attitudes to lending among individuals with different levels of self-actualization. The hypothesis was tested that the higher is the level of self-actualization, the more is the likelihood of referring to constructive ways of coping with the loan debt. For verification of the hypothesis, the article employs the questionnaire &ldquo;Attitude to Loans&rdquo; (A. N. Demin, O. V. Kireeva, E. Y. Pedanova), Self-actualization test (SAT) by E. Shostrom (adapted by Y. E. Aleshin, L. Y. Gozman, M. V. Zagika and M. V. Kroz). The link is established between certain indicators of self-actualization, awareness and motiv for lending. It is determined that self-actualizing individuals are willing to render financial assistance in form of loans to others; while individuals with low level of self-actualization are not willing to take on a loan for others. The conclusion is made that the borrowers with low indicators of self-actualization are characterized with low level of self-acceptance, spontaneity and resistance to aggression; they are aware of the experience of relatives and friends in receiving loans; the believe that loan would help them to accomplish their dream in the nearest future and not willing to take on loan to solve other people's problems. In the subgroup of the borrowers with high level of self-actualization correlation is established between the indicators of self-actualization that characterize the peculiarities of worldview and creativity of self-actualizing personality, awareness and motives for lending. The representatives of the subgroup &ldquo;pseudo-self-actualization&rdquo; are characterized with low level of creativity and fear to take on loans. The acquired results can be implemented within the framework of correctional and developmental work with the borrowers and debtors.

scholarly journals Scenario design of security by students with different levels of tolerance to uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Krasnyanskaya ◽  
Valery Tylets ◽  
Alexander Lyakhov
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Position ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level ◽  
Statistical Trends ◽  
Different Levels

The choice of psychological security issues as the subject of the article is determined by modern realities, which determined its social significance and research attractiveness. Tolerance to uncertainty is currently considered as one of the subject characteristics that have an uncertain status in relation to human security. Turning to the analysis of the security phenomenon as a complex phenomenon that has a semantic, emotional, behavioral and temporal dimension makes it possible to apply the construction procedure to it as an action to bring various elements into a certain mutual position. The purpose of the work was to study the features of mental construction of security by subjects with different levels of tolerance to uncertainty. Achieving the research goal was based on a scenario approach. The general research hypothesis is the assumption that subjects with different levels of tolerance to uncertainty build different security scenarios for themselves. The hypothesis was tested using the methods of free association, subjective scaling, and the technique of T.V. Kornilova “New questionnaire of tolerance to uncertainty”. At the stage of processing empirical data, the simplest mathematical statistics were used (finding the average, percentage distribution, statistical scope) and a nonparametric comparison method, the criterion φ*-Fisher’s angular transformation. The study was conducted on the material of students (20–21 years old) with a high (50 persons) and low (50 persons) level of tolerance to uncertainty. Statistically significant differences in the cognitive and semantic parameter of the security scenario between subjects with a high and low level of tolerance to uncertainty are established by the perception of security through its experience and identification. According to the emotional parameter of the scenario, a statistical trend towards the predominant experience of positive emotions in relation to security in subjects with a low level of tolerance to uncertainty was revealed. According to the behavioral parameter of the scenario, differences between subjects with different levels of tolerance to uncertainty were traced in relation to the propensity to overcome danger (statistically significant), to escape from danger and to prevent danger (statistical trends). According to the temporal parameter of the scenario, subjects with different levels of tolerance significantly differ in the choice of zones of medium (high level) and near (low level) prospects for their security. Comparison of the quantitative composition of the final arrays of security scenarios revealed a statistically significant tendency to the predominance of their variations in subjects with a high level of tolerance to uncertainty in comparison with the variations of scenarios in subjects with a low level of tolerance to uncertainty. According to the results of the study, the hypothesis is confirmed. The article presents the experience of a multidimensional study of subject security and fixing its results in the form of a symbolically encrypted script. The obtained results confirmed the variability of mental security scenarios due to the tolerance to uncertainty of their subjects. The paper proposes a method for constructing a study that can be used to study the relationship of subject security with other psychological characteristics of a person.

scholarly journals Effect of Deposit Mobilization and Credit Financing of Commercial Banks on Capital Formation in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Byyiyet Josiah Jacob ◽  
Yusha’u Ishaya ◽  
Idachaba Odekina Innocent
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fixed Capital Formation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
High Level

The low level of Capital formation in Nigeria has been blamed on the low level of savings occasioned by the low income level and high level of consumption which reduce the ability of banks to create money through intermediation. This study investigates the effect of deposit mobilization and credit financing of commercial banks on capital formation in Nigeria. Gross fixed capital formation was used as proxy for dependent variable, while credit to private sectors, lending rate and Total deposit liabilities were used as proxies of independent variables. The study employed time series quarterly data from Q1 1980 to Q4 2015, which constitutes 48 observations. Multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The study found that (LRN and TDL) have positive impact on GFCF of Nigeria while credit to private sector has an inverse relationship with GDP. In view of this finding, the study recommended that Nigeria commercial banks should re-direct their intermediation activities effectively. JEL Classification: C22, C87, G2, G21, G29

scholarly journals Causal link in iatrogenic crimes: problems of correlation of the categories of causality in forensic examination and Russian criminal law

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Kirill Alekseevich Berchanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject of this research is the Russian case law of conducting legal proceedings against the representatives of medical sphere based on the constituent elements of crime established by the Part 2 of the Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation &ndash; infliction of death by negligence due to improper discharge of professional duties. The subject of this research also includes legal norms that regulate the procedure of forensic medical examination in the Russian Federation, norms of medical legislation, as well as corresponding provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the social relations emerging in the event of causing death due to improper provision of medical care, conduct of forensic medical examination, as well as consideration of such cases by the courts. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive approach towards its implementation that would include the analysis of relevant practice of Russian courts on iatrogenic crimes. As a result of this research, the author outlines the key problems faced by the Russian courts in assessment of causal link in iatrogenic crimes, first and foremost committed by medical negligence. The detailed analysis of legal norms that regulate the procedure forensic medical examination allowed determining the possible reasons for discrepancies in forensic practice, which, in turn, lead to discrepancies in judicial practice. Based on the historical method of interpretation, the author detected the presence and origins of fundamental contradictions in the relevant legislation. The comparative-analytical method applied to the Russian criminal and forensic legislation allowed identifying the key issued that currently impede the efficient and just consideration of iatrogenic cases; the solution approach depending on priorities of the government in criminal law policy is proposed.

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