Sex-Role Identity across Two Cultures

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Gackenbach
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
American Women ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Cultural Data

Cross-cultural data on 57 U.S. and 24 Australian women are provided for the Bem Sex-role Inventory. Femininity scores significantly differed; American women scored more feminine than Australian women. There was no cultural difference in masculinity or androgyny scores.

The Influence of Sex-Role Identity and Occupational Attainment on the Psychological Well-Being of Asian American Women

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Ngan-Ling Chow
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Asian American Women ◽  
American Women ◽  
Sex Role Identity

This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self-esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity. The implications of these findings for Bem's formulation of androgyny, its relation to occupational achievement, and its consequences for psychological health and work outcomes are discussed.

The Relationship between Sex Role Identity and a Widow's Adjustment to the Loss of a Spouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Solie ◽  
Lois J. Fielder
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a widow's sex role identity and adjustment to the loss of a spouse. Two hypotheses were set forth: 1) Androgynous widows experience a more positive adjustment than feminine, masculine, or undifferentiated widows, and 2) Undifferentiated widows experience the most difficult adjustment of the four sex role groups. The Bem Sex Role Inventory was used to categorize widows ( N=45) into sex role groups, and the Health Adjustment, Social Adjustment, and Emotional Adjustment scales of the Bell Adjustment Inventory and the Carey Adjustment/Depression Scale for Widows were used to measure adjustment levels. Significant between group differences were found on the Health and Social Adjustment scales ( p<.05), with all sex role group means generally falling in the direction hypothesized. Results of this study suggest a relationship between behavioral flexibility as reflected in sex role identity and loss adjustment.

Beyond sex

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Kwan Cheung ◽  
Alex Lindsey ◽  
Eden King ◽  
Michelle R Hebl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Influence Tactics ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Occupational Commitment ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sex Role Identity

Purpose – Influence tactics are prevalent in the workplace and are linked to crucial outcomes such as career success and helping behaviours. The authors argue that sex role identity affects women’s choice of influence tactics in the workplace, but they only receive positive performance ratings when their behaviours are congruent with gender role expectation. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that these relationships may be moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results suggest that femininity is negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship is moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 657 women working in the construction industry were surveyed for their continuance occupational commitment and sex role identity and 465 supervisors whose responses are linked with the subordinates are surveyed for the women’s influence tactics and performance ratings. Findings – Results suggested that femininity was negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship was moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results also showed that women’s use of influence tactics was only positively received in terms of performance ratings when the influence tactic was congruent with gender role expectations. Research limitations/implications – The results of this current study suggest that not all women are equally likely to use influence tactics and not all tactics result in positive perceptions of performance. Feminine women in general refrain from using influence tactics unless they are driven to stay in a given occupation, but they only receive positive results when their behaviours are congruent with society’s gender role expectations. Originality/value – Past research has mostly focused on broad differences between males and females, and this study has shown that there are more nuanced differences that can more accurately describe the effects of gender disposition (i.e. sex role identity) on influence tactics. It also emphasizes the importance of occupational commitment as a boundary condition, which influences women to step out of their gender roles even though they may be penalized with lower performance ratings.

Sex Role Identity, Androgyny, and Sex Role Transcendence: A Sex Role Strain Analysis

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Garnets ◽  
Joseph H. Pleck
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Strain ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Role Salience ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Sex Role Identity ◽  
Psychological Significance ◽  
Real Self

This paper first reviews three different theoretical constructs concerning the psychological significance of sex role related characteristics in personality functioning: sex role identity, androgyny, and sex role transcendence. A new conceptual analysis concerning sex-typing, sex role strain analysis, is presented. According to this analysis, the relationship between sex role related personality characteristics and psychological adjustment, especially self-esteem, is moderated by two variables: perception of the ideal member of the same sex, and sex role salience. These two variables; taken in conjunction with real self-concept, generate five sex role strain outcomes. The constructs of sex role identity, androgyny, and sex role transcendence are interpreted in terms of this sex role strain analysis. The implications of this analysis for current research and for understanding the dynamics of both individual and social change in sex roles are briefly described.

scholarly journals Sex Role Identity, Communication Skills, and Group Popularity

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Loredana Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Potential Predictor ◽  
Sex Role Identity

Using two groups of undergraduate students (N = 71) the present paper argues about the importance of sex role identity (Bem, 1981) as a potential predictor of group popularity. The results show that participants with psychological androgine identity tend to use better their communication skills and become popular among their peers. Contray to previous studies (e.g. Hall, 1984; Saarni, 1999) focused on gender gap in communication skills, the current study emphasis on the importance of the sex role identity (Bem, 1974, 1975) in undestanding the relation between communication skills and likeability.

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