Vicarious Stress: Patterns of Disturbance and Use of Mental Health Services by Those Indirectly Affected by the Oklahoma City Bombing

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginny Sprang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mental Health Intervention ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Stress Patterns ◽  
Over Time

This study explored the intermediate psychological effects of terrorism on adults not directly affected by the Oklahoma City bombing by examining the course of PTSD and subthreshold PTSD symptoms over time and whether treatment affected this course. The respondents were interviewed at 3-mo. intervals for 18 mo. following an initial 6-mo. survey. Analysis suggested avoidance, re-experiencing, and increased arousal symptoms in this population were limited over time, declining with or without treatment between 6 and 9 mo. Conversely, victimization symptoms remained high without mental health intervention for the first year after the disaster. The study also examined the nature and occurrence of comorbidity in groups seeking and not seeking treatment.

Case finding and mental health services for children in the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Guy M. Sconzo ◽  
Brian W. Flynn ◽  
Lauri J. Kearns ◽  
Debby E. Doughty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing

Extended Mental Health Service Utilization Among Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phebe Tucker ◽  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter ◽  
Theresa S. Garton ◽  
Carol S. North
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Service Utilization ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Mental Health Service Utilization ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing

Organizing the Mental Health Response to Human-Caused Community Disasters With Reference to the Oklahoma City Bombing

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Brian W Flynn ◽  
Edward N Brandt ◽  
S Jay Lensgraf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Community Disasters

Case Finding and Mental Health Services for Children in the Aftermath of the Oklahoma City Bombing

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215???227
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Guy M. Sconzo ◽  
Brian W. Flynn ◽  
Lauri J. Kearns ◽  
Debby E. Doughty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing

Disaster Mental Health Services Following The 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing: Modifying Approaches to Address Terrorism

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Carol S. North ◽  
Brian W. Flynn ◽  
Fran H. Norris ◽  
Robert DeMartino
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Oklahoma City Bombing ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Disaster Mental Health Services

ABSTRACTHow did the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing differ from prior disasters and what implications did it have for disaster mental health services and service delivery? The federal disaster mental health approach in this country developed largely out of experiences with natural disasters. The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing differed in several important ways, including the large number of human casualties, higher rates of psychopathology, and an extended period of concern due to the criminal investigation and trials, which suggested the need to consider modifications in the program. Outreach was extensive, but psychiatric morbidity of direct victims was greater than that of victims of natural disasters, emphasizing the need for attention to the triage and referral process. Other concerns that warrant consideration include practices related to record keeping and program evaluation.

scholarly journals The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L Andrews ◽  
Meiwei Li ◽  
Savannah Minihan ◽  
Annabel Songco ◽  
Elaine Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Individuals vary in their ability to tolerate uncertainty. High intolerance of uncertainty is a known risk factor for mental health problems. In the current study we examined the degree to which intolerance of uncertainty predicted depression and anxiety symptoms and their interrelations across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined these associations across three time points (May 2020 – April 2021) in an international sample of adults (N = 2087, Mean age = 41.13) from three countries (UK, USA, Australia) with varying degrees of COVID-19 risk. We found that individuals with high and moderate levels of intolerance of uncertainty reported reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms over time. However, symptom levels remained significantly elevated compared to individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty. Individuals with low intolerance of uncertainty had low and stable levels of depression and anxiety across the course of the study. Network analyses further revealed that the relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms became stronger over time among individuals with high intolerance of uncertainty and identified that feeling afraid showed the strongest association with intolerance of uncertainty. Our findings are consistent with previous work identifying intolerance of uncertainty as an important risk factor for mental health problems, especially in times marked by actual health, economic and social uncertainty. The results highlight the need to explore ways to foster resilience among individuals who struggle to tolerate uncertainty, as ongoing and future geopolitical, climate and health threats will likely lead to continued exposure to significant uncertainty.

scholarly journals The Role of Optimal Dyadic Mental Health in Couples Living With Lung Cancer: Interdependence, Congruence, or Balance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 314-314
Author(s):  
Lyndsey Miller ◽  
Karen Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
First Year ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Optimizing dyadic health is a central goal of dyadic frameworks. Yet, research has focused on interdependent individual health or the transactional nature of health within dyads. Emerging research has explored dyadic health through the lens of congruence and balance. This longitudinal study examined dyadic mental health in 76 couples (M = 67.88 ± 11.54) during the first year of lung cancer. As expected, multilevel modeling found mental and physical health of couples were significantly associated at baseline (p < .05). Congruence in mental health was significantly associated with changes in physical health over time for survivors (p < .05) but not partners, whereas balanced mental health had differential effects on the physical health of survivors and partners (p < .01). Discussion will focus on the implications of congruent versus balanced dyadic health for the couple, evaluation of interventions, and propose ways to define optimal dyadic health.

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