Accuracy and Reliability of Measurements Obtained from 3-Dimensional Rabbit Mandible Model: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular morphometric measurements of male and female rabbits using three-dimensional digital model and real bone measurements. Ten (5 female, 5 male) rabbits with no bone deformities were used in the study. Three-dimensional models were produced from two-dimensional microcomputed tomography images of the rabbit’s mandible. Biometric data were obtained by using the same measuring points over both three-dimensional models and real bone samples. There was only a significant main effect of gender for the greatest length of the mandible, length from aboral border of the alveolus of third molar teeth to infradentale, length of the diastema, height of the vertical ramus (measured in projection), distance from the incisor to the oral border of mental foramen, distance from aboral border of mental foramen to caudal border of mandible, distance between retroalveolar foramen and caudal border of mandible. For these measurements, calculated data for females are significantly higher than the males (p<0.05). It was found to be statistically significant between methods only for the length of the cheek tooth row and height of the vertical ramus values (p<0.05). In this study, it was understood that 3D morphometric measurements for bone tissue could be used with accuracy and reliability especially in anatomy and orthodontics areas as an alternative to traditional measurements made with a digital caliper.

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Three-Dimensional Models for Teaching Neuroanatomy to Blind Students

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x8007400306 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 109-111

Author(s):

Paul Pietsch

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Aesthetic Appreciation ◽

Optic Nerves ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Models ◽

Three Dimensional Models ◽

Blind Students

Describes an audio-tactile course that enabled two blind students to grasp the anatomy of the human brain. Since the preserved brain was worn out by the students’ tactile explorations, a means of devising durable models was sought. In collaboration with a sculptor, durable and inexpensive 3-dimensional models were produced that allowed detailed tactile exploration of the visual fields, retina, optic nerves, and subdivisions of the tracts and radiations in the human brain. The models also were intended to develop aesthetic appreciation of texture, hardness, vibration, temperature, and form.

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Plastic replicas as three-dimensional models of pulps

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1975.39.8.tb00900.x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 544-546

Author(s):

HL Wakkerman ◽

GS The ◽

AJ Spanauf

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Models ◽

Three Dimensional Models

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Methods of construction of three-dimensional models of details

Праці Таврійського державного агротехнологічного університету ◽

10.31388/2078-0877-2020-20-3-231-239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 231-239

Author(s):

O Dereza ◽

S Movchan ◽

B Boltianskyi ◽

S Dereza

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Models ◽

Three Dimensional Models

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In Silico Identification and Molecular Characterization of Extracellular Cathepsin L Proteases from Giardia duodenalis

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617666191016170628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 342-351

Author(s):

Sergio A. Durán-Pérez ◽

José G. Rendón-Maldonado ◽

Lucio de Jesús Hernandez-Diaz ◽

Annete I. Apodaca-Medina ◽

Maribel Jiménez-Edeza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Cathepsin L ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Evolutionary Genetics ◽

Extracellular Proteins ◽

In Silico Identification ◽

Dimensional Models ◽

Three Dimensional Models

Background: The protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis, is an intestinal parasite that commonly affects humans, mainly pre-school children. Although there are asymptomatic cases, the main clinical features are chronic and acute diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption syndrome. Little is currently known about the virulence of the parasite, but some cases of chronic gastrointestinal alterations post-infection have been reported even when the infection was asymptomatic, suggesting that the cathepsin L proteases of the parasite may be involved in the damage at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Objective: The aim of this study was the in silico identification and characterization of extracellular cathepsin L proteases in the proteome of G. duodenalis. Methods: The NP_001903 sequence of cathepsin L protease from Homo sapienswas searched against the Giardia duodenalisproteome. The subcellular localization of Giardia duodenaliscathepsin L proteases was performed in the DeepLoc-1.0 server. The construction of a phylogenetic tree of the extracellular proteins was carried out using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA X). The Robetta server was used for the construction of the three-dimensional models. The search for possible inhibitors of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases of Giardia duodenaliswas performed by entering the three-dimensional structures in the FINDSITEcomb drug discovery tool. Results: Based on the amino acid sequence of cathepsin L from Homo sapiens, 8 protein sequences were identified that have in their modular structure the Pept_C1A domain characteristic of cathepsins and two of these proteins (XP_001704423 and XP_001704424) are located extracellularly. Threedimensional models were designed for both extracellular proteins and several inhibitory ligands with a score greater than 0.9 were identified. In vitrostudies are required to corroborate if these two extracellular proteins play a role in the virulence of Giardia duodenalisand to discover ligands that may be useful as therapeutic targets that interfere in the mechanism of pathogenesis generated by the parasite. Conclusion: In silicoanalysis identified two proteins in the Giardia duodenalisprotein repertoire whose characteristics allowed them to be classified as cathepsin L proteases, which may be secreted into the extracellular medium to act as virulence factors. Three-dimensional models of both proteins allowed the identification of inhibitory ligands with a high score. The results suggest that administration of those compounds might be used to block the endopeptidase activity of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases, interfering with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis.

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