scholarly journals The Era of Book Smugglers in Lithuania in the Second Half of the 19th Century and Its Contribution to the Creation of the Modern Lithuanian Nation

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Jindřich Čeladín
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Russian Education ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The defeat of the Polish-Lithuanian uprising in 1863–1864 was followed by a new repressive policy. Its primary objectives were to suppress any ideas of the Polish-Lithuanian state and to establish the Russian system at any cost. The Russian government tried to remove Lithuanian and Polish languages from public life, limit the influence of the Catholic Church, spread Orthodoxy, support the Russian education system and prohibit the printing of Lithuanian publications. The Catholic Church, headed by the bishop of Samogitia, Motiejus Valančius, joined the quiet opposition to the Russian Empire. Valančius organised the printing of Lithuanian books in Prussia – he established a secret organisation that smuggled books to Lithuania and distributed them there. Thanks to him, the foundations of the new Lithuanian national movement were laid. It supported the creation of national literature, the establishment of secret Lithuanian schools and the strengthening of the position of the Lithuanian language in the Church. The Lithuanian national revival opposed not only Russification efforts but also Polonisation in both ethnic and political sense. The era of book smugglers in Lithuania between 1865 and 1904 played a crucial role in the process of the formation of the modern Lithuanian nation. This is the main reason why the national movement of the Lithuanians also became a subject of political discussions in the early 20th century.

The Apostolic Vicariate of Western Siam and the Rise of Catholicism in Malaysia and Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Shanthini Pillai ◽  
Bernardo E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article examines the emergence of the Catholic Church in Malaysia and Singapore in the modern period through an exploration of the Apostolic Vicariate of Western Siam (1841–1888). The establishment of this Catholic institution—a temporary territorial jurisdiction in missionary regions that precedes the creation of new dioceses—was key to advancing the transition of the Church from its older colonial model towards a modern national Church. Focusing on the work conducted by French missionaries of the Missions Étrangères de Paris (mep) over these five decades, we analyze the process of developing a local clergy and setting up the socio-cultural scaffolding of the contemporary Catholic Church in the Malay Peninsula. We pay special attention to howmepmissionaries skilfully navigated their missionary activities through encounters with Malay rulers and British colonial officers to secure the creation of a Catholic elite independent of the PortuguesePadroado. Our argument suggests that the apostolic vicariate and the dynamism of the Frenchmepmissionaries in colonial Malaya opened up the pathway for the rise of the ethnic Catholic elites in modern-day Malaysia and Singapore.

Les trois vagues de la sécularisation des consciences en Espagne

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Pérez-Agote
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Catholic Culture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The process of the secularization of consciences in Spain evolved in three stages. The first of these began in the 19th century and lasted until the Civil War (1936—1939). This stage was characterized by the growth of a series of movements that opposed the Catholic Church's presumptive monopoly on truth. The second wave corresponded to the spread of consumerism and lasted from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s. In this second stage, we see a loss of interest in the Catholic Church and religion. Spain, traditionally a Catholic country, steadily became a country of Catholic culture; this translated into a progressive decline in the ability of the Church to control social behaviour. A third wave began in the 1990s, since when the majority of the younger generation has been losing all contact with the Catholic Church and religion.

Adam Stankevich, a historian of the Belarusian national movement in the Catholic Church and a catholic priest

2019 ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Yuriy Labyntsev
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Catholic Priest ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Roman Catholics ◽  
The Catholic Church

At the beginning of the 20 th century in the Western provinces of the Russian Empire among the local Roman Catholics, the first convinced carriers of the Belarusian national idea appeared. Among the most active was the catholic priest Adam Stankevich (1891-1949), a graduate of the Catholic Seminary in Vilna and the Catholic Academy in Petrograd. In the future, he not only took a leading position in the Belarusian national movement, but also be- came an outstanding historiographer of this movement. In 1919, Stankevich settled in Vilna. In 1910-1930, he was active in social, political, scientific, literary and publicistic activities. Stankevich is the initiator of defending the rights of Belarusians to their own national participation in the life of the Catholic Church, to the official introduction of the Belarusian language. He considers the Belarusian people to be divided in political, state, and religious sense. Stankevich believes that the lands of Western Belarus were seized by the new Polish state, formed in 1918. Stankevich continues for many years the struggle for the revival of the Belarusian national identity among Belarusian Catholics. In the early twentieth century, he and the fu- ture Belarusian catholic priests were also helped by the actions of various Orthodox communities and Imperial authorities. In the middle of 1940, Stankevich tried to convince the Soviet leadership of the need to “create the independent Belarusian Catholic Church in the BSSR”. The four-year talks with the authorities have proved useless. Adam Stankevich was accused of anti-Soviet activities. In 1949, he was sent to a camp, where he soon died.

The Sanctuary of a sacred nation: National discourse in the style and décor of the Licheń Sanctuary

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-339
Author(s):  
Piotr Kisiel
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Catholic Church

The Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń, located near Konin in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, provides a unique insight into a nationalistic discourse in contemporary Poland. It was created not only as a Catholic shrine but also as a place of patriotic indoctrination. This paper examines not only the architecture and design of the Church and the surrounding Sanctuary, but also the ideas of Rev. Eugeniusz Makulski, the site's founder, and Barbara Bielecka, its architect, in order to understand one of the important currents in a debate on the Polish post-Communist identity. A close analysis of this religious shrine is intended not only to understand this particular site but also to examine how national identity is (re)defined in architecture. As this paper shows, the employment of symbolic devices allows the creation of a coherent story of the Polish nation as a religious community with a history intrinsically linked to the Catholic Church. However, the annexation of the lay sphere (nation) by the sacred one (religion) leads to problematic results when it comes to the universality of the religion and the “nationalization” of the Catholic Church itself.

scholarly journals The Book of Psalms in the Church Slavonic, Greek, and Polish Languages from Simon Azarjin’s Library

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-275
Author(s):  
Jelena A. Celunova
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Polish Text ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
The Catholic Church

This article is devoted to research on the Book of Psalms manuscript written in the first half of the 17th century from Simon Azarjin’s book collection. The Book of Psalms is written inter-linearly in three languages: Church Slavonic, Greek, and Polish. The availability of the text in Polish in the Orthodox psalms makes this memorable text unique. The research concentrates on the clarification of the aim that led to the creation of the Book of Psalms. The lack of a preface or any other evidence of its author, time, or place of its translation forces us to turn to indirect facts, namely, to research of the textological character and to an analysis of Church Slavonic and Polish texts. Textological research of the Church Slavonic edition of the Book of Psalms reveals its similarity with pre-Nikonian texts and the analyses of the text in Polish allows us to affirm that the author had used the Catholic Leopolita’s Bible in 1561, exposed it to a profound edition—both textological as well as linguistic. The analysis of the inserted changes into the text in Polish and the alternated language itself enables us to assume that the author of the manuscript might have been a native from West Russia, while the text itself had probably been created in the Trinity Monastery of St. Sergius. The efforts aimed at adaptation of the Polish text into the text in Church Slavonic prove that the tri-lingual Book of Psalms might have been created for the inhabitants of the previous territories of Great Principality of Lithuania who converted from the Catholic Church or from the Greek Catholic into the Orthodox Church. The text in Polish had thus been needed especially for those believers practicing the Orthodox religion in order to understand the Church Slavonic language of worship.

Religious Regulation in Ireland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Malešević
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
External Impetus ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

While three-quarters of the population in Ireland still declare to be Catholic in census data collection, the position and role of the Catholic Church has changed dramatically. A fruitful relationship between the state, church, and nation that developed in the 19th century became meaningfully embedded in social and political relations from the 1920s. Involvement of the church in the running of education, health, and welfare meant that its “moral monopoly” extended into both the institutional and individual spheres of life. The Irish Republic relied on the church organizations and personnel to provide education and guidance in absence of the state’s infrastructure and Will to consolidate the new political entity around a state-building project based on inclusivity, reciprocity, and diversity. The confessional state that emerged with its own constitution favored one religion over others, economic stagnation over progress, and patriarchal social values over equality. The internal processes of social change and the external impetus for economic development sent Ireland into modernization and changes in attitudes and behaviors. It became obvious that the church did not hold a monopoly on truth and that accountability of the relations between the state and the church should be called into question. Economic prosperity propelled Ireland into the world of consumerism, materialism, and instant gratification, teaching a new generation that religion helps keep your parents appeased and at times can provide solace, and that the Catholic Church is just an institution that seems to be around but nobody is quite sure what its role is. The vicariousness of the church coupled with cultural Catholicism makes the Ireland of today more open to change.

From Madrasa to College: The Islamic Influence in the Birth of the Christian Foundation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Thomas Adam
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

Abstract This article explores the origins of the foundation in Christian Europe. When in 1264 Walter de Merton founded Merton College in Oxford, he broke with established tradition in that he did not entrust his gift to an existing religious order but instead created with Merton College a new legal body that was endowed with self-management and self-government. Up until the creation of Merton College, Christian donors customarily gave their gifts to the Catholic Church or an institution of the Church (monastery or religious order) thereby creating endowments that were administered by the Church. Merton decided against this tradition. Since there was no model within Christian Europe for this new kind of institution (foundation), scholars have long suggested that Merton took inspiration from the Islamic waqf in the creation of his foundation. This article will deepen this explanation by exploring the transition from creating endowments to creating foundations in medieval Europe.

The 1917 Code of Canon Law: Codification and Development of Latin canon law in the First Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Ivan Fadeyev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Code Of Canon Law ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

This publication presents the very first Russian translation of the First Book of the first official comprehensive Code of Latin canon law. The Code was promulgated on 27 May, 1917, and took legal effect on 19 May 1918. Although replaced in the practice of the Church with the new Code of 1983, the so-called “Pio-Benedictine Code” remains the most important source for the history of the development of canon law of the Catholic Church in Modern era. It represents the first experience of a full-scale legal codification, on which the development of Catholic ecclesiastical law was based throughout the 20th century. Prior to the promulgation of the Code in 1917, the canon law of the Latin Church was dispersed over a number of sources created in different periods of church history. By the time of the convocation of the First Vatican Council (December 8, 1869 – October 20, 1870) by Pope Pius IX (June 16, 1846 – February 7, 1878), it was obvious to many in the Church that there was an urgent need to codify the vast and unorganised mass of ecclesiastical laws that was presenting all sorts of challenges to both church authorities and canonists. Calls for the codification of Latin canon law, voiced in the run-up to and at the Council itself, were heard by the Holy See, although direct work on the creation of the first full-fledged Code of canon law began only 34 years after the Council’s adjournment, in the pontificate of Pius X (August 4, 1903 – August 20, 1914). The introductory article analyses the main stages of the development of can-on law of the Catholic Church, the history of the creation of the Code, the discussions that unfolded in the 19th century among canonists as to the very need for codification, as well as the impact of the Code on the development of Canon law in the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Social Doctrine and Presence of the Catholic Church in the Media

In medias res ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 2533-2543
Author(s):  
Ivan Balabanić
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Doctrine Of The Church ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The social doctrine of the Church involves greater commitment and engagement of the Church in social problems as well as the promotion of relationships that serve justice and peace. The Catholic Church first began relating mass media to its social teaching in the 19th century. As the Church aimed at a broader scope of public, it dealt with means of social communication and examined it through numerous sources – papal encyclicals, conciliar and episcopal documents. The relationship between the Catholic Church and the media is not simple. Approaches to ethics, morality, responsibility and dignity of human beings are sometimes different in media reports and in the aims of the Church in its social doctrine which should provide all members of the society with a sense of direction and instruction for everyday actions. Through the documents presented here, the Church has shown a readiness to face the media as well as the possibility to use them for advancing justice, truth, peace and freedom.

Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, Toronto, 11th July 1982

Moreana ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (Number 157- (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
John McConica
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

During the period in which these papers were given, there were great achievements on the ecumenical scene, as the quest to restore the Church’s unity was pursued enthusiastically by all the major Christiandenominations. The Papal visit of John Paul II to England in 1982 witnessed a warmth in relationships between the Church of England and the Catholic Church that had not been experienced since the early 16th century Reformation in England to which More fell victim. The Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission was achieving considerable doctrinal consensus and revisionist scholarship was encouraging an historical review by which the faithful Catholic and the confessing Protestant could look upon each other respectfully and appreciatively. It is to this ecumenical theme that James McConica turns in his contribution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document