Czech National Awareness in Moravia in the Revolutionary Years 1848/1849

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
František Čapka
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThis study focuses on the process of the gradual shaping of Czech national awareness in Moravia from the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards when the necessary conditions for the development of improved mutual relations between the Czech (Slavic) population in the two Lands of the Czech Crown -Bohemia and Moravia - were slowly being formed. Moravia faced a number of handicaps to the development of a national revival in comparison with Bohemia, the most significant of which was the relatively high degree of Germanisation of the land. A change to the image of Moravia came in the revolutionary years 1848/1849, when Czech national awareness spread to broader sections of society in Moravia. The view of Bohemia held by the Moravians underwent significant change and a period of increasingly intensive political and cultural contact between the two lands arose.

scholarly journals Revising the musical equal temperament

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haye Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Frequency Ratio ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
High Degree

Western music is predominantly based on the equal temperament with a constant semitone frequency ratio of 21/12. Although this temperament has been in use since the nineteenth century and in spite of its high degree of symmetry, various musicians have repeatedly expressed their discomfort with the harmonicity of certain intervals. Recently it was suggested that this problem can be overcome by introducing a modified temperament with a constant but slightly increased frequency ratio. In this paper we confirm this conjecture quantitatively. Using entropy as a measure for harmonicity, we show numerically that the harmonic optimum is in fact obtained for frequency ratios slightly larger than 21/12. This suggests that the equal temperament should be replaced by a harmonized stretched temperament as a new standard.

"Constantly in Motion

Transfers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Frederike Felcht
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Material World ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In the nineteenth century, a significant change in the modern infrastructures of travel and communications took place. Hans Christian Andersen's (1805-1875) literary career reflected these developments. Social and geographical mobility influenced Andersen's aesthetic strategies and autobiographical concepts of identity. This article traces Andersen's movements toward success and investigates how concepts of identity are related to changes in the material world. The movements of the author and his texts set in motion processes of appropriation: on the one hand, Andersen's texts are evidence of the appropriation of ideas and the way they change by transgressing social spheres. On the other hand, his autobiographies and travelogues reflect how Andersen developed foreign markets by traveling and selling the story of a mobile life. Capturing foreign markets brought about translation and different appropriations of his texts, which the last part of this essay investigates.

Two Representatives of the Grotian School

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Charles G. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Near Future

The growth of international law, both in precision and in scope, has been one of the marked features of the general development of law in the nineteenth century. It is true that even at the present day the reproach is often cast upon international law that its content is unsettled, its authority vague, and its method unscientific. But one has only to compare the standard text-books of the present day with the treatises that were quoted as authorities in the beginning of the nineteenth century to realize the great progress which has been made towards the establishment of international law upon a truly scientific basis. It cannot fairly be expected that international law should have as yet attained, or shall in the near future attain, the precision and definiteness of municipal law. The last decade of the century did indeed witness the first sitting of an international legislative body in the form of a conference at The Hague, which enacted what may be called international statutory law. But apart from the fact that this body was composed of the representatives of independent, not of federal, states, and therefore its rulings could not be final, the subject-matter with which it dealt was in many cases not such as would admit of definition and analysis after the methods of municipal law. The states composing the family of nations present differences of physical, mental and moral characteristics far more marked than those exhibited by the individuals within a given state, and it is but natural therefore that it should be correspondingly difficult to codify in a precise and scientific manner the rules governing their mutual relations. But while the difficulties attending the codification of international law cannot be denied, there is reason to believe that the growth of international law during the twentieth century will proceed towards its appointed goal as steadily as it has done during the nineteenth century.

Response to Prasenjit Duara, “Asia Redux”

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Watson Andaya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
The Web

In his provocative essay, Prasenjit Duara argues that prior to the nineteenth century, the web of maritime trade networks infused the ill-defined area we call “Asia” with a genuine coherence, providing a conduit for cultural flows that readily permitted interactive relationships and the mutual adoption of new beliefs and practices. By the late nineteenth century, however, the imperial powers sought to ensure their global dominance by creating regional blocs consisting of territories that were economically subservient to the metropole. The consequent focus on the establishment of territorial boundaries encouraged a “nationalist congruence between state and culture” that gathered pace over the next hundred years. Only now are we beginning to see an Asia where interdependence and increasing cultural contact, carrying echoes of past connectivities, have opened up new opportunities by which a “transnational consciousness” can and should be encouraged.

Towards a Global Anthropology

Itinerario ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasja Ekholm ◽  
Jonathan Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Entire World

The development of a global perspective in anthropology is a very different kind of phenomenon from that in economics or economic history. In the latter disciplines, the field of enquiry may easily be extended to the entire world, or at least to large enough portions of it that systemic supra-society relations are clearly discernable. The periodic appearance of an intellectual orientation to global relations – from the mercantilistists to the dependency theorists – is clear evidence of the availability of the larger perspective. The more common focus on the nation state or, by abstraction, the “society”, as the locus of analysis and explanation has been a reflex of the emergence of national cycles of economic reproduction in the nineteenth century. Ricardo, Marx, Keynes and much modern development theory restrict the field of enquiry to the single society where all the necessary conditions of reproduction and thus, explanation, are thought to be located (Friedman 1976, 1978). Finally, with the emergence after World War Two of a center/periphery model of imperialism, a global perspective has again gained prominence.

The implications of illegitimacy in late-nineteenth-century Iceland: the relationship between infant mortality and the household position of mothers giving birth to illegitimate children

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÓLÖF GARĐARSDÓTTIR
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sexual Permissiveness ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sex Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

In his article ‘Premarital sexual permissiveness and illegitimacy in the Nordic Countries’, Richard F. Tomasson discusses high illegitimacy rates in preindustrial Iceland. He points out that during the nineteenth century children born out of wedlock were proportionally more numerous in Iceland than in other European countries. In Tomasson's view high illegitimacy rates in Iceland were due to liberal attitudes towards premarital sex – attitudes that were deeply rooted in traditional Nordic society. In his words, ‘The Ancient Scandinavians accorded women higher status, and along with this went liberal attitudes toward premarital sex relations, illegitimacy, and divorce. Such attitudes often appear to be a concomitant of a high degree of equality between the sexes.’

Trading Firms in Colonial India

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Business History ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
High Degree

The aim of this article is to develop a general narrative of the firms that led the growth of trade in nineteenth-century India, and thus to supply a missing piece in modern Indian business history. The trading firms had several features in common with trading firms globally, especially, a high degree of mobility, institutional adaptation, and occasionally, diversification into banking and manufacturing. But certain aspects of the process were specific to the regions where they operated, such as differences between the ports and the interior trading orders, between cities, and between expatriate and indigenous firms. The article reconsiders these features.

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