The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: III. Middle and Higher Boiling Components

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakuma ◽  
M. Kusama ◽  
K. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Glass Fiber Filter ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Liquid Trap

AbstractYields in sidestream smoke (SS) and mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke to mainstream smoke distribution ratios (SS/MS) of middle and higher boiling compounds, including neutral ones, were investigated for four types of unblended cigarette (bright, Burley, Turkish and domestic (cv. Matsukawa)). Both sidestream and mainstream smokes were separately collected with a combination of a glass fiber filter assembly, a small Elmenhorst cold trap and a liquid trap containing acetone cooled by dry ice - methanol. Of the 31 components quantitatively determined by gas chromatography, nicotine and acetic acid were the predominant components in both sidestream and mainstream smokes from all types of tobacco, followed by limonene, phenol, 3-vinylpyridine and 2-furaldehyde in sidestream smoke and neophytadiene, 3-hydroxypyridine, phenol and acetamide in mainstream smoke. The SS/MS ratios of the major compounds were as follows: pyridine, 10.2-13.3; limonene, 4.3-2.1; 3-picoline, 5.2-10.1; 2-cyclopentenone, 2.9-3.8; 2-furaldehyde, 4.9-7.4; pyrrole, 9.0-13.7; furfuryl alcohol, 3.0-4.8; acetamide, 0.8-1.7; 2.4-pentadien-4-olide, 5.2-8.9; neophytadiene, 1.0-1.8.

scholarly journals Effect of cigarette smoking on pentane excretion in alveolar breath

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Euler ◽  
S J Davé ◽  
H Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Abstract The concentrations of acetone, isoprene, and pentane in alveolar breath were examined in 50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers by gas chromatography. The baseline pentane in smokers was 0.17 +/- 0.03 nmol/L (mean +/- SE), which was not different from pentane in nonsmokers (0.23 +/- 0.03 nmol/L). There were also no differences between smokers and nonsmokers in the concentrations of acetone and isoprene. Serial breath samples were obtained from 15 smokers before smoking and at 5, 15, and 60 min after smoking. Although acetone was not altered by smoking, isoprene increased by 86% +/- 26% 5 min after smoking (P <0.001) and returned to baseline 10 min later. Pentane increased by 456% +/- 156% 5 min after smoking (P <0.001) and remained increased 10 min later (204% +/- 73% of baseline, P <0.05). Isoprene concentrations in mainstream cigarette smoke were >5000 times greater than breath concentrations, whereas pentane could not be detected in mainstream smoke. Because pentane is produced from the peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the results provide evidence that cigarette smoking causes an immediate increase in lipid peroxidation.

Determination of Benzo(a)Pyrene in Cigarette Smoke

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1889-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu Jing ◽  
Bao Hua Yu ◽  
Guang Liang Li ◽  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
Yu Xi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Apparatus And Instruments

Inder order to determine Benzopyrene (BaP) in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke, a Solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used to isolate the BaP fraction from the total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke and sidestream cigarette smoke and the BaP were measured by RP-HPLC with ultraviolet detection. The result showed that the recovery rate of BaP extracted is 94.5%, compared with the relative standard of 6.95%. The yields of BaP in mainstream smoke for Virginia cigarette are higher than those for blended cigarettes. The yields of BaP in sidestream smoke are much higher than those in mainstream smoke. The proposed method involves an solid phase extract and HPLC-UV analysis procedure. With this method, the BaP yields in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke can be measured fast, easily and precisely using readily available apparatus and instruments.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF SOME CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN BANGLADESHI VEHICLES EXHAUST TAR BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROPHOTOMETER

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amzad Hossain ◽  
S. M. Salehuddin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Glass Fiber Filter ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

A more sensitive GC-MS method has been established for the determination of some carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vehicles exhaust tar samples. The tar samples were extracted using dichloromethane (DMC): n-hexane solvent mixture. A multi-layer clean-up (silica gel/sodium sulphate) column was used, followed by glass fiber filter (GFF) paper. The method was successfully applied to determine a number of PAHs present in exhaust tar sample of different vehicles of the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh.   Keywords: Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, vehicles tar samples, identification, GC-MS/MS

The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: I. Acidic Components

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakuma ◽  
M. Kusama ◽  
S. Munakata ◽  
T. Ohsumi ◽  
S. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Acidic Components ◽  
Acetic Acids

AbstractYields in sidestream (SS) and mainstream (MS) smokes and sidestream to mainstream distribution ratios (SS/MS) of acidic components were examined for four types of cigarette made from bright, Burley, Turkish and domestic (c.v. Matsukawa) tobacco. Of the acidic components, formic and acetic acids were analysed by GC following n-butyl esterification, and acids other than formic and acetic acids and phenols similarly after trimethylsilylation. In acidic fractions of sidestream and mainstream smokes of four types of cigarettes, major phenolic components were phenol, catechol and hydroquinone, and major acids were formic, acetic, lactic, glycolic and succinic The following compounds gave SS/MS ratios > 1 for all types of cigarettes tested: phenol, cresols, xylenols, guaiacol, formic acid and acetic acid.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies: V. The Effects of the Cigarette Periphery on Mainstream Smoke Formation

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Jenkins ◽  
R.T. Bass ◽  
R.H. Newman ◽  
M.K. Chavis
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Sidestream Smoke

AbstractThe effects of the cigarette periphery on smoke formation have been experimentally studied. A series of cigarettes was prepared with carbon-14 labelled materials placed in different radial positions within the rods. These cigarettes were smoked and the distribution of the radioactivities into total smoke was measured. These data lead to the following conclusions: [1 ] The periphery plays a large contributing role (though not the sole role) in the formation of a) the mainstream particulate phase, b) sidestream particulate phase (derived from non-distillable/non-sublimable materials), and c) mainstream gas phase (derived from non-distillable/non-sublimable materials) ; [2] The central portion of the cigarette rod plays a large contributing role in a) sidestream gas phase and b) sidestream particulate phase (derived from distillable/sublimable compounds); and [ 3 ] The mainstream gas phase yields from the distillable/sublimable compounds are due in large part to the pyrolysis/combustion products formed during the static burn period. These products are carried into mainstream smoke by the incoming air at the beginning of the puff and by diffusion due to the pressure gradient existing in the cigarette during static burn. These experiments have demonstrated the significant effects that the central portion of the cigarette rod has on sidestream smoke formation and, conversely, the effects of the periphery on mainstream smoke.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Cigarette Smoke Components between Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke: II. Bases

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sakuma ◽  
M. Kusama ◽  
K. Yamaguchi ◽  
T. Matsuki ◽  
S. Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Sidestream Smoke

Abstract Yields in sidestream smoke (SS) and mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke to mainstream smoke distribution ratios (SS/MS) of 34 bases were examined from four types of cigarettes made from bright, Burley, Turkish and domestic (c.v. Matsukawa) tobacco. Irrespective of tobacco variety, major bases in sidestream smoke were ammonia, nicotine, 3-vinylpyridine, pyridine and 3-hydroxypyridine, and those in mainstream smoke were nicotine, 3-hydroxypyridine, ammonia, 3-picoline and pyridine. SS/ MS ratios of the bases were generally larger than 1.0 and the largest SS/MS ratio was that of ammonia, followed by those of 3-vinylpyridine, 3-cyanopyridine, nicotyrine and pyridine in that order. The preponderance of bases in sidestream smoke over mainstream smoke might be one of the major causes for the differences in aroma and irritation between sidestream smoke and mainstream smoke.

scholarly journals Determination of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Components for Cigarettes of Different Tobacco Types and a Set of Reference Cigarettes

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Perfetti ◽  
WM Coleman ◽  
WS Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Enantiomeric Separation ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Collection Device

AbstractThe yield of selected components in the mainstream and sidestream smoke for cigarettes of different tobacco types and a set of Kentucky Reference cigarettes have been measured. The BAT ‘fishtail’ chimney apparatus was used in conjunction with standard FTC Cambridge pad collection apparatus for the simultaneous collection of both sidestream (SS) and mainstream (MS) cigarette smoke, respectively. Comparison of MS FTC yields and MS yields from the BAT MS/SS smoke collection device showed that the smoke yields for the products of this study were similar for the two methods. Sidestream to mainstream smoke ratios (SS/MS) for TPM, nicotine, HO, ‘tar’, CO and COwere similar to those reported in the literature, despite the variety of collection devices employed in literature reports. The total nicotine accountabilities for the single tobacco cigarettes and the set of Reference cigarettes of this study were relatively constant (~53 %). Enantiomeric separation of the alkaloids in the different smoke streams was accomplished by chiral gas chromatography-mass selective detection. The levels and the enantiomeric ratios of nicotine and nornicotine varied in the smoke streams of the different cigarettes. The level and enantiomeric ratios of anaba-sine and anatabine in sidestream smoke were below detection limits of the method employed. The enantio-meric ratios of these secondary alkaloids could not be calculated. The fraction ofd -nicotine transferred to side-stream smoke did not change significantly when compared to that yielded in mainstream smoke even though the temperatures experienced during the side-stream smoke formation process are quite different (lower) from those occurring in the mainstream smoke formation process. Relatively low concentrations of the secondary alkaloids provided only a preliminary evaluation of their enantiomeric distribution in cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals On the Chemistry of Cigar Smoke: Comparisons between Experimental Little and Large Cigars

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
lrwin Schmeltz ◽  
Klaus D. Brunnemann ◽  
Dietrich Hoffmann ◽  
Alan Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Paper

AbstractComparative data have been presented and evaluated on levels of various constituents in five different cigar tobaccos and in the smoke they generate when made into little and Iarge cigars. Generally the large cigars deliver a significantly lower level of mainstream smoke particulates such as TPM, nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene, when compared to the little cigars. On a per cigar basis, however, large cigars (as opposed to Iittle cigars) deliver substantially higher levels of CO and other gas phase constituents. A higher delivery of ammonia by large cigars is noted in the sidestream smoke. When little cigars are wrapped in cigarette paper, the major effects are lower levels of CO (reduced by 50 %). Cigar smoke can be distinguished from cigarette smoke on the basis of pH characteristics, ammonia and CO levels. Future studies should be concerned with establishing the material balance for components in mainstream and sidestream smoke of Iittle cigars and large cigars.

Determination of Benzopyrene in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Hua Yu ◽  
Yan Qiu Jing ◽  
Jian Jun Liu ◽  
Huai Qi Li ◽  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Sidestream Smoke ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Apparatus And Instruments

Inder order to determine Benzopyrene (BaP) in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke, a Solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used to isolate the BaP fraction from the total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke and sidestream cigarette smoke and the BaP were measured by RP-HPLC with ultraviolet detection. The result showed that the recovery rate of BaP extracted is 94.5%, compared with the relative standard of 6.95%. The yields of BaP in mainstream smoke for Virginia cigarette are higher than those for blended cigarettes. The yields of BaP in sidestream smoke are much higher than those in mainstream smoke. The proposed method involves an solid phase extract and HPLC-UV analysis procedure. With this method, the BaP yields in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke can be measured fast, easily and precisely using readily available apparatus and instruments.

scholarly journals A Diels-Alder Reaction Between A Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Component and Benzoquinone

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
WM Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

AbstractA notable amount of research has been placed toward understanding the roles of benzoquinone (Q) and hydroquinone (HQ) in the chemistry and toxicity of cigarette smoke. To further understanding of the roles of these compounds in cigarette smoke, a series of reactions were performed wherein the levels and chemistries of Q and HQ were monitored after having been added to selected phases of the mainstream smoke from 2R4F cigarettes. Through the application of both fundamental organic chemistry reaction mechanistic principles and qualitative analysis of smoke chemistry, a new reaction pathway for mainstream smoke components was elucidated. During the course of these investigations, the presence of a product from a Diels-Alder reaction between a 2R4F cigarette mainstream smoke component and Q was discovered. Data from carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), gas chromatography-atomic emission detection (GC-AED), and gas chromatography-mass selective detection (GC-MSD) revealed a Diels-Alder reaction product resulting from the reaction of benzoquinone (Q), a dienophile, and 1,3-cyclopentadiene, a diene, to yield tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7] undeca-4,9-diene-3,6-dione, more commonly referred to as cyclopentadienebenzoquinone. The reaction between Q and 1,3-cyclopentadiene was observed to have occurred when fresh mainstream vapor phase smoke (MSVP) from a 2R4F cigarette, captured in acetone, was subsequently treated with Q. Other 13C containing species were detected but inadequate signal to noise values prevented structural assignments. Accompanying the Diels-Alder reaction was an additional reaction of Q to form hydroquinone (HQ). These reactions provide additional information on the complexity of cigarette smoke, particularly as it relates to possible reactions involving Q and HQ and other cigarette smoke components.

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