Chiral-Gas Chromatography-Selected Ion Monitoring-Mass Selective Detection Analysis of Tobacco Materials and Tobacco Smoke

AbstractA novel method for the detection, separation, and quantification of the optical isomers of nicotine has been developed. The method has been applied to analyse extracts of tobacco seeds, processed tobacco suspensions, reconstituted tobacco sheet materials, individual tobacco varieties, blends of tobaccos, and cigarette smoke condensate. The methodology does not involve any further sample preparation other than that which is normally used to analyse tobacco alkaloids by the modified method of Gordon et al. (73), or the standard FTC smoke analysis routinely performed by most tobacco and smoke analysis laboratories. Near baseline resolution was obtained for enantiomers, yielding a lower detection limit of approximately 2 % d-nicotine in a mixture of d-and l-nicotine. There was essentially no d-nicotine found in any of the tobacco samples. Detectable levels of d-nicotine were found in most of the samples of cigarette smoke condensate when the cigarettes were smoke by the FTC method. The presence of Oriental tobacco in the cigarette appeared to be related to whether d-nicotine was generated in the mainstream cigarette smoke condensate. When the same cigarettes were smoked under a more stressful puffing regime the level of d-nicotine in the smoke did not increase and in some cases the level of d-nicotine decreased. This work supports prior literature that detected and quantified the presence of d-nicotine in cigarette smoke condensate.

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Chiral-Gas Chromatograpy-Selected Ion Monitoring-Mass Selective Detection Analysis of Secondary Alkaloids in Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0665 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 35-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

TA Perfetti ◽

WM Coleman

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Selective Detection ◽

Methyl Radicals ◽

Mainstream Smoke ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Selected Ion Monitoring ◽

Detection Analysis ◽

Enantiomeric Ratio ◽

Chiral Gas Chromatography

AbstractChiral gas chromatography-mass selective detection has been successfully employed in the analysis of secondary alkaloids in selected tobacco materials and cigarette smoke condensate. No extensive sample preparation is involved. A lower detection limit of ~2 % d-nornicotine, d-anabasine and d-anatabine in a mixture of l and d-isomers was achieved. The levels and the enantiomeric ratios of nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine and anatabine varied in different tobacco types. The enantiomeric ratios of nicotine, anabasine and anatabine in mainstream cigarette condensate also varied but were generally representative of the enantiomeric ratios for the alkaloids found in the leaf. The enantiomeric ratio for nornicotine in mainstream cigarette condensate also varied and was not representative of the enantiomeric ratios for the alkaloids found in the leaf. Preferential decomposition or racemization may account for the differences seen in the yields of isomers of nornicotine transferred to the mainstream smoke condensate. An experiment was conducted to determine if the d-nornicotine present in tobacco contributed to the yield of d-nicotine in mainstream smoke condensate. The results of that experiment indicated that the yield of d-nicotine transferred to mainstream smoke did not change significantly when either large levels of endogenous nornicotine were present in the leaf or when large levels of exogenous levels of d-, l-nornicotine were applied to the tobacco rod prior to smoking. The limiting factor in the production of d-nicotine in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate may be the concentration of methyl radicals present to react. Further work must be conducted to unravel the mechanism involved in the production of d-nicotine in cigarette smoke condensate.

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Collection and Preparation of Sidestream Cigarette Smoke for Trace Elemental Determinations by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1934 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 1934-1940 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karl A Wagner ◽

Reta McDaniel ◽

David Self

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽

Trace Elemental ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Novel Method

Abstract A novel method for the collection and preparation of sidestream cigarette smoke condensate is described for trace elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The smoke collection method utilizes a specially designed chimney that collects and directs the sidestream smoke (SS) to a 2-stage trapping system consisting of an impaction trap followed by a 0.8 μm mixed cellulose ester filter. The samples are digested with nitric acid in a commercial heating block before analysis. The method limits of detection (LODs) are 1, 0.2, 2, 9, 6, and 7 ng/cigt for As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Se, and Cr, respectively. The SS collected from an industry reference cigarette, 1R4F, produced by the University of Kentucky was analyzed. The concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in 1R4F were determined to be 27.3 ± 2.1, 412 ± 14, and 43.8 ± 2.0 ng/cigt, respectively, while the concentrations of Ni, Cr, and Se are below the method LOD. Consequently, this novel method successfully addresses contamination, instrumentation, and collection issues for performing trace elemental analysis of sidestream cigarette smoke condensate.

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Trace Analysis of Mutagenic Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Cigarette Smoke Condensate and its Base Fractions via Silylation-GC-MS

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0930 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 550-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S Liu ◽

LT Taylor ◽

MF Borgerding ◽

WM Coleman ◽

BR Bombick

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Aromatic Amines ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Mutagenic Activity ◽

Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Selected Ion Monitoring ◽

Commercial Laboratory ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

AbstractAmong the more than 5000 chemicals reported in cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are considered to be a contributor to observed biological activity. HAAs are non-volatile and are reported at ppb levels in CSC. A new method for HAA analysis at the trace level is reported here. N, O-Bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) containing 1% trimethylchlorosilane was employed to derivatize amino groups by heating the reagent containing a sample of CSC at 80 °C for 30 min followed by analysis employing gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) in the selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. This derivatization method afforded symmetrical peak shapes on a ZB-50 stationary phase and achieved instrumental limits of quantification (LOQ) at 10:1 S/N from -1 ng/mL for AαC to120 ng/mL for Glu-P-1. The chemical identity of each derivative was confirmed by comparison of retention time and mass spectra of standards. The latter were characterized by the following ions: M·+ or [M-1]+, [M-15]+, and m/z 73 (i.e., trimethylsilyl). CSC and its base sub-fractions were studied using the GC-MS method. Ten HAAs were screened and five were quantified in cigarette smoke condensate, while 2-5 HAAs were quantified in each of three base sub-fractions. Values obtained with the new procedure agree well with values reported in the literature and with results obtained from a commercial laboratory via a different analytical method. The potential contribution of each HAA to the overall mutagenic activity observed for CSC and its base fractions is discussed. When considered together, HAAs account for only a small portion (-7.8%) of the observed mutagenicity of the CSC.

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Multi-alkylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Separation and Identification

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0452 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. E. Snook ◽

R. F. Severson ◽

R. F. Arrendale ◽

H. C. Higman ◽

O. T. Chortyk

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Gel Chromatography ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽

Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽

Derivatives Of

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

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Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Smoke Condensate

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1962.03050340006002 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 181 (8) ◽

pp. 668 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fred G. Bock

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Carcinogenic Activity

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Enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins in human papillomavirus–immortalized and cigarette smoke condensate–transformed human endocervical cells: Correlation with resistance to apoptosis induced by DNA damage

Molecular Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1002/(sici)1098-2744(199806)22:2<95::aid-mc4>3.0.co;2-j ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiaolong Yang ◽

Yawei Hao ◽

Mary M. Pater ◽

Shou-Ching Tang ◽

Alan Pater

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Apoptotic Proteins

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Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Bifidobacterium

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140518 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 997-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jinqiang Hu ◽

Tao Wei ◽

Siwen Sun ◽

Aijing Zhao ◽

Chunping Xu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Carbohydrate Composition ◽

Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽

Essential Factor ◽

Standard Strain ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Molecular Determination

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the production and characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Bifidobacterium. Cigarettes of Shanhua brand (nicotine: 1.1 mg, tar: 11 mg) were utilized to prepare a cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The standard strain of Bifidobacterium animalis was cultured in MRS media under anaerobic addition of CSC. The results showed that CSC significantly decreased the growth of B. animalis as well as EPSs and acetic acid production. Furthermore, two EPSs fractions (Fr-I and Fr-II) were isolated and purified for chemical and molecular determination. By comparison with control, CSC was found to be of great impact on EPSs carbohydrate composition. The molecular weight mass of Fr-I changed from 3.33×105 g/mol (without CSC) to 2.99×105 (with CSC). In conclusion, in vitro studies revealed that CSC was directly able to affect the production of metabolites for B. animalis, which could be an essential factor in certain pathological disorders.

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