scholarly journals Investigations of IsogenomicAlloplasmics of Flue-Cured Tobacco Nicotianatabacum cv. Wislica

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
A Berbec ◽  
D Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Alien Cytoplasm

AbstractCytoplasms of fifteen wild Nicotianae and a male sterile cytoplasm (cms) from N. tabacum were bred into the genome of a standard Polish flue-cured cultivar Wislica. The sixteen iso-genomic alloplasmics were compared for expression of male sterility and for some traits related to field performance. In cmsN. bigelovii, N. debneyi, N. exigua, N. megalosiphonor N. suaveolens stamens were absent, in cmsN. tabacum, N. glauca, N. goodspeedii or N. undulata stamens were absent or rudimentary, in cmsN. eastii, N. glutinosa or N. plumbaginifoliastamen tissue became petaloid, in those from N. knightiana and N. raimondiithey were morphologically normal. Female organ morphology was changed in cmsN. goodspeedii, N. occidentalis, N. exigua, N. debneyior N. bigelovii, seed set was reduced only in cmsN. occidentalis. Plant height in most alloplasmics was similar to that of the fertile variety but was strongly depressed by the cytoplasms of N. glutinosa, N. eastiiand N. plumbaginifolia. Leaf area was positively affected by N. amplexicaulis, N. bigeloviiand N. undulatacytoplasms, unaffected by N. suaveolens, N. tabacumand N. glaucacytoplasms and negatively affected by the remaining cytoplasms mostly because of the narrowing of the leaf blade. Cured leaf yields from cmsN. bigelovii were higher than those of Wislica. Leaf yields from cmsN. amplexicaulis, N. suaveolens, N. glauca or N. tabacum were not affected by the alien cytoplasm, whereas those from the remaining alloplasmics were depressed to different extents. Increased incidence of PVY and white spots (mostly attributable to Cercospora sp.) were observed on many of the alloplasmics especially on cmsN. exigua and N. suaveolens(PVY) and increased white spots only on cmsN. bigelovii, N. exigua, N. occidentalis and N. undulata.

scholarly journals Wild Nicotiana Species as a Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Nicotianatabacum

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
V Nikova ◽  
R Vladova
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Organ

AbstractThe results of our experiments executed to obtain tobacco male sterile lines through interspecific hybridization are summarized. Ten wild species from the genus Nicotiana: N. excelsior (exc), N. amplexicaulis (amp), N. rustica (rus), Nicotianaglauca (gla), N. velutina (vel), N. benthamiana (ben), N. maritima (mar), N. paniculata (pan), N. longiflora (lon) and N. africana (afr) were used as cytoplasmic donors and N. tabacum, cv. HarmanliiskaBasma (HB) as a donor of the nucleus. Genetic effects of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction of the studied species are discussed. Our results suggested that cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was expressed when the cytoplasms of the above mentioned wild Nicotiana species were combined with the nucleus of N. tabacum. The 10 sources of CMS obtained in tobacco were characterized by altered flower phenotypes. Flowers are classified into types according the stamen, pistil and corolla modification. All these CMS sources were backcrossed to Oriental tobaccos, cvs. Tekne, Nevrokop B-12, Kroumovgrad 90 and Djebel 576, to develop corresponding CMS lines. The investigated cytoplasms produced compete male sterility in all those cultivars. The CMS lines preserved flower types, specific for every “sterile” cytoplasm. The extent of male organ modifications varied from apparently normal (but pollenless) stamens in CMS (pan), (afr), some plants of (vel) (mar) through different degrees of malformations (shriveled anther on shortened filaments (lon), pinnate-like anthers on filaments of normal length (amp), petal - (ben), pistil- or stigma-like structures (rus), (gla)) to lack of male reproductive organs in (exc) and in some plants of (vel), (mar), (rus) and (gla). Most of the above mentioned cytoplasms had normal female gametophyte and good seed productivity. Alterations of the pistils were observed in CMS (rus), (exc) and (ben) causing reduction of the seed set. Electrophoresis of seed proteins of the tobacco cultivars and their CMS lines also suggested that the nuclei of wild species was entirely displaced by the nucleus of N. tabacum. CMS lines with cytoplasms of N. velutina, N. maritima, N. paniculata, N. longiflora and N. amplexicaulis were selected as suitable for seed production in tobacco.

The effect of genotype × cytoplasm interaction on meiotic behaviour of maize chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kruleva ◽  
A. B. Korol ◽  
T. G. Dankov ◽  
V. G. Skorpan ◽  
I. A. Preygel
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Cytoplasmic Sterility

The effect of four isogenic cytoplasmic types, normal, Salvador, Texas, and Charrua (the latter three causing male sterility), on the process of chiasma formation has been studied using two different maize hybrids. The cytoplasmic male sterility determinants have been shown to reduce the rate of interstitial exchanges per nucleus and per bivalent and the frequency of univalents. Increased variation between plants and relative stability of the intercellular variation within a plant have been observed for the parameters studied. It is concluded that the determinants of cytoplasmic sterility lower the probability of additional exchanges (relative to the obligate one) and reduce the frequency of premature disruption of one-exchange chromosome associations.Key words: maize, chiasma frequency, male sterile cytoplasm, univalent formation, genotype × cytoplasm interaction.

Advancement in CMS Based Hybrid Development in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Chandan Roy
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Hybrid Development

Among the different mechanism of male sterility operated in the Brassica group crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility mechanism is most suitable for hybrid development in cauliflower because here the curd (intermediate stage) is an edible part of the cauliflower. Further, there is no requirement of restorer line in this case as required in other seed crop. For the multiplication and maintenance of the different lines (A line and B line), sib mating and selfing is not always desirable. In fact, in such situation doubled haploid production through microspore culture is a more appropriate mechanism. Apart from this, the undesirable effect of integration of male sterile cytoplasm can be mitigated by adopting the repeated back crossing, through chloroplast substitution or somatic hybridization mechanism.

Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

Comparison of the effect of nap and pol cytoplasms on the performance of three summer oilseed rape cultivar-derived isoline pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Pinnisch
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The One

The pol cytoplasm is a male sterile cytoplasm with potential for use in hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production while the nap cytoplasm is the one most commonly encountered in summer rape cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three cultivar-derived summer rape isoline pairs in the nap and pol cytoplasms to determine the relative effect on performance of these two cytoplasms. One nap line yielded significantly more than its corresponding pol line, three nap lines had significantly higher oil content than their corresponding pol lines, two nap lines had significantly higher protein content than their corresponding pol lines, and two nap lines produced significantly more seed energy than their corresponding pol lines. There are pleiotropic negative effects (biological costs) associated with the pol cytoplasm. These negative effects are affected by nuclear genotype and appear to be related to the depth of male sterility expressed in the derived pol A-line. Key words: Cytoplasm cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility

Genetic Resources for Fertility Restoration Lines and Maintainers of Capsicum annuum L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Maneechat Nikornpun ◽  
Danai Boonyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The Government

Male fertility reactions of one hundred and forty-one accessions of chilies were classified. Three groups were found. Some accessions maintained male sterility and were determined to carry a non-sterile cytoplasm and to lack fertility restoration genes or N rfrf genotype. Some accessions segregated for the ability to restore male sterile cytoplasm and were determined to be heterozygous in restorer genes with genotype N/SRfrf. Some accessions restored fertility of CMS and had the genotype N/SRfRf. A few maintainers with good horticultural characteristics were selected. They were selfed and selected for a few generations and then their progeny were evaluated. There were differences in the genetic stability of cytoplasmic male-sterility among the selected lines. Some lines were good maintainers, but a few lines were discarded. The stable maintainers were distributed to 10 seed companies and the government of China. Some F1 hybrid chilies produced using these lines have been commercially sold both in China and Thailand. Fruit physio-chemical qualities of maintainer accessions, restorers and heterozygous accessions were also recorded. The level of capsaicin of the accessions varied from 3,250 to 8,850 Scoville units. The level of vitamin C showed a range of 4.43 to 103.16 mg./100g.fw. Horticultural characteristics of the accessions were recorded and the fruit physio-chemical qualities of the accessions were reported.

Interactions between the scs and Vi genes in alloplasmic durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Maan
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Alien Cytoplasm

Two nuclear genes, vitality (Vi) on an A- or B-genome chromosome and species cytoplasm specific (scs) on a 1DL telosome from Triticum aestivum L. or a telosome from Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (un telosome), improved compatibility between the nucleus of Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and the cytoplasm of Ae. longissima S. &M. or Ae. uniaristata. To study interactions between Vi and scs and to determine the chromosomal location of Vi, 29-chromosome fertile plants were crossed with 13 D-genome disomic-substitution (d-sub) lines [except 5D(5A)] of 'Langdon' durum. F1 and backcross progenies were examined for meiotic chromosome number and pairing, fertility, and plant vigor. In 11 crosses, Vi restored seed viability but produced double-monosomics (d-monos) with greatly reduced growth and vigor. In contrast, crosses involving 1D(1A) and 1D(1B) d-sub lines produced d-monos with normal vigor and anthesis but nonfunctional pollen. A backcross of 1D + 1A d-mono F1 and 1D(1A) d-sub lines produced 11 male steriles; 3 had 13 II + 1 II 1D + 1 I 1A, 2 had 13 II + 2 I, 1 had 13 II + 1 II 1D(1A), and 5 were not examined. Crosses of 1D + 1A d-mono F1 with control durum, lo durum (with 1DL), and un durum (with un telosome) lines produced 16 male-sterile d-monos and 14 fertiles with 14 II + 1 I 1D, showing that 15-chromosome female gametes transmitted monosomes 1A and 1D. However, BC2F1's from 1D + 1B d-mono × fertile line with un telosome included 20 male-sterile d-monos, 6 fertile triple monosomics (13 II + 1 I 1D + 1 I 1B + t I un telosome), and 1 fertile plant with a 1B/1D translocation. Unlike d-mono 1A + 1D, d-mono 1B + 1D did not transmit 15-chromosome female gametes with monosomes 1D and 1B. Additional backcrosses also indicated that homozygous scs caused male sterility in 1D(1A) and 1D(1B) d-subs and that the procedure used was not suitable for the chromosomal location of Vi.Key words: alien cytoplasm, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, 1B/1D translocation, aneuploidy, cytoplasmic male sterility.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

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