Advancement in CMS Based Hybrid Development in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Chandan Roy
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Hybrid Development

Among the different mechanism of male sterility operated in the Brassica group crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility mechanism is most suitable for hybrid development in cauliflower because here the curd (intermediate stage) is an edible part of the cauliflower. Further, there is no requirement of restorer line in this case as required in other seed crop. For the multiplication and maintenance of the different lines (A line and B line), sib mating and selfing is not always desirable. In fact, in such situation doubled haploid production through microspore culture is a more appropriate mechanism. Apart from this, the undesirable effect of integration of male sterile cytoplasm can be mitigated by adopting the repeated back crossing, through chloroplast substitution or somatic hybridization mechanism.

The effect of genotype × cytoplasm interaction on meiotic behaviour of maize chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kruleva ◽  
A. B. Korol ◽  
T. G. Dankov ◽  
V. G. Skorpan ◽  
I. A. Preygel
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Cytoplasmic Sterility

The effect of four isogenic cytoplasmic types, normal, Salvador, Texas, and Charrua (the latter three causing male sterility), on the process of chiasma formation has been studied using two different maize hybrids. The cytoplasmic male sterility determinants have been shown to reduce the rate of interstitial exchanges per nucleus and per bivalent and the frequency of univalents. Increased variation between plants and relative stability of the intercellular variation within a plant have been observed for the parameters studied. It is concluded that the determinants of cytoplasmic sterility lower the probability of additional exchanges (relative to the obligate one) and reduce the frequency of premature disruption of one-exchange chromosome associations.Key words: maize, chiasma frequency, male sterile cytoplasm, univalent formation, genotype × cytoplasm interaction.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Male Sterility in Lesquerella fendleri

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dierig ◽  
Pernell M. Tomasi ◽  
Dennis T. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Development

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. (lesquerella, Brassicaceae), native to the southwestern United States, is a potentially useful industrial oilseed crop. The seed oil contains hydroxy fatty acids, similar to castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil. The unique properties of the oil, along with coproducts, allow additional applications that would not compete with castor oil. Plants with vestigial anthers (male-sterile) were discovered in a greenhouse-grown, nonselected population in 1993. The inheritance of the trait was investigated through four crop seasons. Crosses were made among male-sterile and male-fertile plants from an open pollinated population, thus, they were heterozygous for many traits. Statistical analysis indicated that male sterility is expressed as a result of two nonlinked nuclear genes with epistatic relations and different cytoplasms, which cause partial or total fertility restoration. These ratios fit a 13:3 epistatic ratio, indicating that male sterility is controlled by homozygous recessive alleles at one locus in combination with at least one dominant allele at the second locus, i.e., ms1ms1 Ms2_. Some cross results were skewed in favor of fertile phenotypes presumably due to cytoplasmic effects causing partial fertility restoration. Male-sterile lines could be used for hybrid development and this information will be helpful in implementing a strategy for hybrid development. Hybrid plants and higher yields will enhance the potential for commercialization of this new alternative crop.

Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

Comparison of the effect of nap and pol cytoplasms on the performance of three summer oilseed rape cultivar-derived isoline pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Pinnisch
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The One

The pol cytoplasm is a male sterile cytoplasm with potential for use in hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production while the nap cytoplasm is the one most commonly encountered in summer rape cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three cultivar-derived summer rape isoline pairs in the nap and pol cytoplasms to determine the relative effect on performance of these two cytoplasms. One nap line yielded significantly more than its corresponding pol line, three nap lines had significantly higher oil content than their corresponding pol lines, two nap lines had significantly higher protein content than their corresponding pol lines, and two nap lines produced significantly more seed energy than their corresponding pol lines. There are pleiotropic negative effects (biological costs) associated with the pol cytoplasm. These negative effects are affected by nuclear genotype and appear to be related to the depth of male sterility expressed in the derived pol A-line. Key words: Cytoplasm cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility

Genetic Resources for Fertility Restoration Lines and Maintainers of Capsicum annuum L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Maneechat Nikornpun ◽  
Danai Boonyakiat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The Government

Male fertility reactions of one hundred and forty-one accessions of chilies were classified. Three groups were found. Some accessions maintained male sterility and were determined to carry a non-sterile cytoplasm and to lack fertility restoration genes or N rfrf genotype. Some accessions segregated for the ability to restore male sterile cytoplasm and were determined to be heterozygous in restorer genes with genotype N/SRfrf. Some accessions restored fertility of CMS and had the genotype N/SRfRf. A few maintainers with good horticultural characteristics were selected. They were selfed and selected for a few generations and then their progeny were evaluated. There were differences in the genetic stability of cytoplasmic male-sterility among the selected lines. Some lines were good maintainers, but a few lines were discarded. The stable maintainers were distributed to 10 seed companies and the government of China. Some F1 hybrid chilies produced using these lines have been commercially sold both in China and Thailand. Fruit physio-chemical qualities of maintainer accessions, restorers and heterozygous accessions were also recorded. The level of capsaicin of the accessions varied from 3,250 to 8,850 Scoville units. The level of vitamin C showed a range of 4.43 to 103.16 mg./100g.fw. Horticultural characteristics of the accessions were recorded and the fruit physio-chemical qualities of the accessions were reported.

High-frequency embryogenesis in male sterile plants of Brassica napus through microspore culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan V. Chuong ◽  
K. P. Pauls ◽  
W. D. Beversdorf
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

Microspores from several Polima cytoplasmic male sterile (Pol-CMS) and Diplotaxis muralis male sterile (Mur-MS) oilseed rape lines were cultured in a modified Nitsch and Nitsch medium in the dark for 4 weeks. High androgenic frequencies were observed in microspore cultures initiated from plants of both male sterile (MS) types. In cultures maintained at a constant temperature (30 °C) 1 or 2% of the microspores from Pol-CMS or Mur-MS lines, respectively, developed into embryos. A greater percentage of the embryos obtained from the Pol-CMS lines were of good quality than those obtained from the Mur-MS lines (25 vs. 5%). Twenty percent of the plants regenerated from embryos of both lines were spontaneous doubled haploids. The results suggest that no unfavorable cytoplasmic–nuclear genome interaction affecting androgenic potential exists in plants exhibiting Polima or Diplotaxis muralis male sterility.

scholarly journals Investigations of IsogenomicAlloplasmics of Flue-Cured Tobacco Nicotianatabacum cv. Wislica

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
A Berbec ◽  
D Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Alien Cytoplasm

AbstractCytoplasms of fifteen wild Nicotianae and a male sterile cytoplasm (cms) from N. tabacum were bred into the genome of a standard Polish flue-cured cultivar Wislica. The sixteen iso-genomic alloplasmics were compared for expression of male sterility and for some traits related to field performance. In cmsN. bigelovii, N. debneyi, N. exigua, N. megalosiphonor N. suaveolens stamens were absent, in cmsN. tabacum, N. glauca, N. goodspeedii or N. undulata stamens were absent or rudimentary, in cmsN. eastii, N. glutinosa or N. plumbaginifoliastamen tissue became petaloid, in those from N. knightiana and N. raimondiithey were morphologically normal. Female organ morphology was changed in cmsN. goodspeedii, N. occidentalis, N. exigua, N. debneyior N. bigelovii, seed set was reduced only in cmsN. occidentalis. Plant height in most alloplasmics was similar to that of the fertile variety but was strongly depressed by the cytoplasms of N. glutinosa, N. eastiiand N. plumbaginifolia. Leaf area was positively affected by N. amplexicaulis, N. bigeloviiand N. undulatacytoplasms, unaffected by N. suaveolens, N. tabacumand N. glaucacytoplasms and negatively affected by the remaining cytoplasms mostly because of the narrowing of the leaf blade. Cured leaf yields from cmsN. bigelovii were higher than those of Wislica. Leaf yields from cmsN. amplexicaulis, N. suaveolens, N. glauca or N. tabacum were not affected by the alien cytoplasm, whereas those from the remaining alloplasmics were depressed to different extents. Increased incidence of PVY and white spots (mostly attributable to Cercospora sp.) were observed on many of the alloplasmics especially on cmsN. exigua and N. suaveolens(PVY) and increased white spots only on cmsN. bigelovii, N. exigua, N. occidentalis and N. undulata.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements and transcriptional alterations in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Makaroff ◽  
J D Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Alterations ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

Maternally inherited mutations, such as cytoplasmic male sterility, provide useful systems in which to study the function of plant mitochondrial genomes and also their interaction with nuclear genes. We have studied the organization and expression of the organelle genomes of the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish and compared them with those of normal radish to identify alterations that might be involved in cytoplasmic male sterility. The chloroplast DNAs of Ogura and normal radish are virtually indistinguishable, whereas their mitochondrial DNAs are highly rearranged. Alignment of a restriction map constructed for the 257-kilobase Ogura mitochondrial genome with that published for the 242-kilobase genome of normal radish reveals that the two mitochondrial DNAs differ in arrangement by at least 10 inversions. The transcriptional patterns of several known mitochondrial genes and of rearranged mitochondrial sequences were examined in three nuclear backgrounds. Altered transcripts were observed for three mitochondrial genes, atpA, atp6, and coxI. Rearrangements map near each of these genes and therefore may be responsible for their transcriptional alterations. Radish nuclear genes that restore fertility to the Ogura cytoplasm have no effect on the atp6 and coxI transcripts, but do influence the atpA transcriptional pattern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document