scholarly journals From Computer Science to the Informational Worldview. Philosophical Interpretations of Some Computer Science Concepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Stacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Science Concepts ◽  
The Mind

AbstractIn this article I defend the thesis that modern computer science has a significant philosophical potential, which is expressed in a form of worldview, called here informational worldview (IVW). It includes such theses like: a) each being contains a certain informational content (which may be revealed by computer science concepts, such as code or algorithm), b) the mind is an information processing system (which should be modeled by means of data processing systems), c) cognition is a type of computation. These (pre)philosophical theses are accepted in many sciences (e.g. in cognitive science), and this is both an expression and strengthening of the IWV. After a general discussion of the relations between philosophy, particular sciences and the worldview, and then the presentation of the basic assumptions and theses of the IWV, I analyze a certain specification of thesis b) expressed in the statement that “the mind is the Turing machine”. I distinguish three concepts of mind (static, variable and minimal) and explain how each of them is connected with the concept of the Turing machine.

The Universal Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Universal Machine ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Church

This chapter covers the development of computing, from its origins, with the analytical engine, to modern computer science. Babbage and Ada Lovelace’s contributions to the science of computing led, in time, to the idea of universal computers, proposed by Alan Turing. These universal computers, proposed by Turing, are conceptual devices that can compute anything that can possibly be computed. The basic concepts created by Turing and Church were further developed to create the edifice of modern computer science and, in particular, the concepts of algorithms, computability, and complexity, covered in this chapter. The chapter ends describing the Church-Turing thesis, which states that anything that can be computed can be computed by a Turing machine.

2. Computational artefacts

2016 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Subrata Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Abstraction Refinement ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Compositional Hierarchy ◽  
The Relationship

The modern computer is a hierarchically organized system of computational artefacts. Inventing, understanding, and applying rules and principles of hierarchy is a subdiscipline of computer science. ‘Computational artefacts’ explains the concepts of compositional hierarchy, the abstraction/refinement principle, and hierarchy by construction. There are three classes of computational artefacts—abstract, material, and liminal. An important example of an abstract artefact is the Turing machine. Sciences involving artefacts are sciences of the artificial, entailing the study of the relationship between means and ends. The ‘science’ in computer science is, thus, a science of means and ends. It asks: how can a computational artefact demonstrably achieve a given human need, goal, or purpose?

Adapting a General Purpose Information Processing System UDC 68L3 01 MEDATA to a New Environment

1969 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Discrete Data ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Utility Computing ◽  
Information Processing System ◽  
Service Basis

General Purpose Information Processing Systems provide the capabilities of filing and retrieving discrete data. These capabilities are independent of the source or nature of the data, and of the format and content of the reports to be generated from it. MEDATA is an example of such a system. The concepts of the MEDATA system were written at UCSD in PL/1, for processing on a time-shared interactive utility computing service.PL/1 proved to be a desirable programming language for this application.-The service provided by the time-shared utility has been satisfactory and the concept of performing this type of data processing on such a utility appears to be sound. The system is now operational on a service basis and is being used for a variety of purposes. In addition to providing service, it will serve as a model for teaching, and as a basis for further research into information processing systems.

Decidability and the Entscheidungsproblem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Human Computation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alan Turing ◽  
Modern Computer

In 1936 Turing invented a mathematical model of computation, known today as the Turing machine. He intended it as a representation of human computation and in particular as a vehicle for refuting a central part of David Hilbert’s early 20th-century programme to mechanize mathematics. By a nice irony it came to define what is achievable by non-human computers and has become deeply embedded in modern computer science. A simple example is enough to convey the essentials of a Turing machine. We then describe the background to Hilbert’s programme and Turing’s challenge—and explain how Turing’s response to Hilbert resolves a host of related problems in mathematics and logic. If I had to portray, in less than 30 seconds, what Alan Turing achieved in 1936 it seems to me that drawing the picture shown in Fig. 37.1 would be a reasonable thing to do. That this might be so is a testament to the quite extraordinary merging of the concrete and the abstract in Turing’s 1936 paper on computability. It is regarded by, I suppose, a large majority of mathematical scientists as his greatest work. The details of our picture are not especially important. As it happens, it is a machine for deciding which whole numbers, written in binary form, are multiples of 3. It works thus: suppose the number is 105, whose binary representation is 1101001, because (1 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20) = 64 + 32 + 8 + 1 = 105. We start at the node labelled A and use the binary digits to drive us from node to node. The first couple of 1s take us to node B and back to A again. The third digit, 0, loops us around at A. Now a 1 and a 0 take us across to node C; and the final 0 and 1 take us back via B to A once more.

scholarly journals Informational Worldview. Scientific Foundations, and Philosophical Perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Stacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Mind

Abstract In the text, I synthetically discuss the cultural background, computer science basis, and philosophical potential of an informational worldview, which I treat as an indirect link between awareness of the significance of contemporary achievements of computer science (its theories and applications) and the philosophy of future (informatism) based on the concept of information. Within the philosophical and cognitive science thread of this work, I focus on informationally-driven questions about the mind (its informational content and computational strategies of modelling) and the complexity of the world (which is directly related to the complexity of problems in which the mind is involved).

scholarly journals Optimal Reservation of Data in the System of Residual Classes in the Direction of Ensuring Information Security of the National Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Alina Hlushko ◽  
Alina Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Security And Reliability ◽  
Concept Of Information

The problem of increasing the level of information security of the national economy is actualized in the article. Scientific approaches to the concept of "information security of the national economy" are systematized. The dual impact of digitization on the emergence of opportunities and threats to the functioning of the national economy is substantiated, which necessitates the development of tools to improve the level of reliability of economic information. The state of information security in modern computer systems of economic data processing is analyzed; requirements and directions of development of highly reliable computer systems for processing of economic data are substantiated. New scientific and scientific and technical achievements in the field of developing an optimal data backup in the economic sphere were obtained with the use of the non-positioned numerical system in residual classes, which improves the security and reliability of information processing.

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