scholarly journals Types, Styles, and Spaces of Possibility : Phenomenology and Musical Improvisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Mitchell Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
Improvised Music ◽  
Possibility Space ◽  
Musical Improvisation ◽  
Musical Styles ◽  
A Performance

SummaryI outline an approach to the phenomenology of improvised music which takes typification and the development of multi‐ordered phenomenological structures as central. My approach here is firmly in line with classical Husserlian phenomenology, taking the discussion of types in Experience and Judgment (Husserl, 1973) and Brudzińska (2015) as guide. I provide a phenomenological analysis of musical types as they are found in improvisational contexts, focusing on jazz in the 20th century. Styles are higher‐order musical types. Musical types are structures that are temporally “thick,” relying on sedimented typification and knowledge, driving expectations as definitional. In most forms of music (including improvised music), musical styles involve maintaining a balance between confirming expectations and flouting expectations. I show that improvised music has a phenomenal structure which is enriched by the communicative and “ real‐time” nature of improvised music. Improvised music can be seen as an exploration of a possibility space rendered by the juxtaposition of the musical types afforded by a performance environment (instrumentation, harmonic and melodic traditions, etc.). I show that improvisation in music is a multi‐vectoral form of communication. The communication is founded in what Dieter Lohmar calls “non‐linguistic thinking.” The expression is constituted in the results of active and synthesis. The culmination of improvisational exploration of possibility spaces is the precisification and enrichment of styles‐as‐types, while in some cases developing new styles in the process.

Hôpital Edouard Herriot à Lyon, Tony Garnier, 1933

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Philippe Dufieux
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
A Performance

At a time when Lyon celebrates the one hundred and fifty years of the birth of one of the most famous architects of the beginning of the 20th century, Tony Garnier (1869-1948), the observation of the conservation of the works of the designer of the Cité industrielle (1917) is very disturbing. Garnier’s heritage remains extremely fragile and the protection measures are insufficient. Several complexes and buildings have been destroyed and disfigured, for example the Abattoirs de la Mouche in Gerland (Lyon, 1909-1914) that were demolished in 1974. The large hall of the market has been preserved and transformed into a performance hall. Although the Édouard-Herriot hospital (1913-1933) has benefited from the protection of the perimeter of its chapel since 1967, its monumental fireplaces were demolished in 2001 for security reasons and, more recently, the Pavilion H has been destroyed in 2015 with indifference for the construction of a new 18,000 m2 building, designed according to François Chatillon’s (1961-) plans and delivered in 2017.

scholarly journals Where You End and I Begin: Cognition and Continuity in Experimental Improvised Music and Dance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams ◽  
Martin Sonderkamp
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Situated Cognition ◽  
Program Notes ◽  
Improvised Music

When we improvise together in music and dance, our bodies, instruments, and environments not only interact; they become mutually dependent. A bassist's shoulder shifts, bow slides, instrument rings . . . vibrations bounce off the walls, reach the dancer's inner ear, filling the lungs, lunging toward the bassist's shoulder: these sounds, movements, spaces, and perceptions form a real-time feedback loop that blurs where you end and I begin. Recent research in embodied and situated cognition by scholars such as Clark and Chalmers (1998), Gallagher (2005, 2007), Hutchins (1995), Noë (2004), and Suchman (2007) provides a theoretical foundation for formalizing this continuity. This literature has inspired us to reconsider how cognitive processes we tacitly know within a specific aesthetic framework are in fact at work throughout everyday life. In four videos taken from an hour-long studio session recorded in February 2012, we explore these processes once again in our own practice, and offer reflections in the form of program notes that invite the audience to perform these connections themselves.

scholarly journals Assigning Priorities for Fixed Priority Preemption Threshold Scheduling

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saehwa Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Priority Assignment ◽  
Fixed Priority ◽  
Assignment Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Priority Assignment ◽  
A Performance

Preemption threshold scheduling (PTS) enhances real-time schedulability by controlling preemptiveness of tasks. This benefit of PTS highly depends on a proper algorithm that assigns each task feasible scheduling attributes, which are priority and preemption threshold. Due to the existence of an efficient optimal preemption threshold assignment algorithm that works with fully assigned priority orderings, we need an optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS. This paper analyzes the inefficiency or nonoptimality of the previously proposed optimal priority assignment algorithms for PTS. We develop theorems for exhaustively but safely pruning infeasible priority orderings while assigning priorities to tasks for PTS. Based on the developed theorems, we correct the previously proposed optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS. We also propose a performance improved optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS proving its optimality. The empirical evaluation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Fifty years of Electronic Hardware Implementations of First and Higher Order Neural Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Selviah ◽  
Janti Shawash
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Electronic Hardware

This chapter celebrates 50 years of first and higher order neural network (HONN) implementations in terms of the physical layout and structure of electronic hardware, which offers high speed, low latency, compact, low cost, low power, mass produced systems. Low latency is essential for practical applications in real time control for which software implementations running on CPUs are too slow. The literature review chapter traces the chronological development of electronic neural networks (ENN) discussing selected papers in detail from analog electronic hardware, through probabilistic RAM, generalizing RAM, custom silicon Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit, Neuromorphic chips, pulse stream interconnected neurons to Application Specific Integrated circuits (ASICs) and Zero Instruction Set Chips (ZISCs). Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are given particular attention as the most recent generation incorporate Digital Signal Processing (DSP) units to provide full System on Chip (SoC) capability offering the possibility of real-time, on-line and on-chip learning.

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