scholarly journals Dynamics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae Co-Infection Seasonally in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Colonies

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Özkırım ◽  
Aygün Schiesser ◽  
Nevіn Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Seasonal Infection ◽  
Asian Honeybee

AbstractNosema apis is a pathogen spesific for the European honeybee, Apis mellifera L., while Nosema ceranae is specific for the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana. Turkey provides different environmental and host conditions for both Nosema species. The aim of the study is to determine the dynamic of N. cerenae and N. apis seasonal infection. A number of samples were collected from different apiaries between 2009-2016 years. The samples were kept at −20°C in the laboratory. Light microscopy was used for spore counting and molecular techniques were used to identify the Nosema species. The results showed that winter season had an impact on the type of Nosema as well as on infection rates. The number of N. ceranae spores decreases significantly at low temperatures (≤ 5°C). The winter period was found to be the main factor affecting nosema infection level and dominancy of Nosema ceranae. Furthermore, co-infection of both species is an indicator of the dynamics of N. apis and N. ceranae. This study suggests, that there is a dynamic prevalence among the Nosema species depending of the average winter temperature and not a replacement of N. apis by N. ceranae.

scholarly journals Permanent prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Csáki ◽  
Miklós Heltai ◽  
Ferenc Markolt ◽  
Balázs Kovács ◽  
László Békési ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
The Mean

Nosema ceranae is present in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies worldwide. Studies on the comparative virulence of N. ceranae and N. apis showed significant differences in individual mortality, and the prevalence of N. ceranae seems to be predominant in both the continental and the Mediterranean climate regions. This study attempted to monitor the geographical and seasonal distribution of these two Nosema species in Hungary, using a simple laboratory method. The distribution of N. ceranae and N. apis infection rates along all seasons was homogeneous (P = 0.57). In co-infected samples, the intensity of N. ceranae infection was always significantly higher than that of N. apis infection (P < 0.001). The infection rate of infected bees in exterior samples was higher than in interior samples in each season; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The species N. ceranae had been present in Hungary already in 2004. Statistical analysis of data shows that the infection level is best represented by sampling exterior bees to establish the proportion of infected bees rather than by determining the mean spore count.

scholarly journals Population Genetics of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae: One Host (Apis mellifera) and Two Different Histories

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulio Maside ◽  
Tamara Gómez-Moracho ◽  
Laura Jara ◽  
Raquel Martín-Hernández ◽  
Pilar De la Rúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis

scholarly journals The first report of the prevalence of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rositsa Shumkova ◽  
Ani Georgieva ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
Daniela Sirakova ◽  
Gyulnas Dzhebir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Duplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Different Parts

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the two main microsporidian parasites causing nosematosis in the honey bee Apis mellifera. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the area of Bulgaria. The 16S (SSU) rDNA gene region was chosen for analysis. A duplex PCR assay was performed on 108 honey bee samples from three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed that the samples from the northern part of the country were with the highest prevalence (77.2%) for Nosema ceranae while those from the mountainous parts (the Rodopa Mountains, South Bulgaria) were with the lowest rate (13.9%). Infection with Nosema apis alone and co-infection N. apis/N. ceranae were not detected in any samples. These findings suggest that Nosema ceranae is the dominant species in the Bulgarian honey bee. It is not known when the introduction of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria has occurred, but as in the rest of the world, this species has become the dominant one in Bulgarian Apis mellifera. In conclusion, this is the first report for molecular detection of Nosema infection of honey bee in Bulgaria. The results showed that N. ceranae is the main Nosema species in Bulgaria.

Comparison of the energetic stress associated with experimental Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis infection of honeybees (Apis mellifera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martín-Hernández ◽  
Cristina Botías ◽  
Laura Barrios ◽  
Amparo Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Aránzazu Meana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Energetic Stress

Microsporidia infecting Apis mellifera: coexistence or competition. Is Nosema ceranae replacing Nosema apis?

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2127-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Martín-Hernández ◽  
Cristina Botías ◽  
Encarna Garrido Bailón ◽  
Amparo Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Lourdes Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis

scholarly journals The first report of the prevalence of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hristov ◽  
Any Georgieva ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
Daniela Sirakova ◽  
Gyulnas Dzhebir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
First Report ◽  
Duplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Rate Of Invasion

Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the two main microsporidian parasites causing nosematosis in honey bee Apis mellifera. The object of the present study is to investigate the presence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the Bulgarian honey bee. The 16S (SSU) rDNA gene region was chosen for analysis. A duplex PCR assay was performed on 108 honey bee samples from three different parts of the country (South, North and West Bulgaria). The results showed that the samples from the northern part of the country were with the highest rate of invasion (77.2%) for Nosema ceranae while those from the mountainous parts (the Rodopa Mountains, South Bulgaria) were with the lowest rate (13.9%). Infection with Nosema apis alone and co-infection N. apis/N. ceranae were not detected in any samples. These findings suggest that Nosema ceranae is the dominant species in the Bulgarian honey bee. It is not known when the introduction of Nosema ceranae in Bulgaria has occurred, but like in the rest of the world, this species has become the dominant one in Bulgarian Apis mellifera. In conclusion, this is the first report for molecular detection of Nosema infection in Bulgarian honey bee that confirms the worldwide dissemination and prevalence of Nosema ceranae.

scholarly journals Comparison of the two microsporidia that infect honey bees – a review

Agricultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Soklič ◽  
Aleš Gregorc
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Energetic Reserves

Abstract Two microsporidian species, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, infect honey bees (Apis mellifera) worldwide. They are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply in the epithelial lining of the bee’s midgut and cause nosemosis. N. ceranae infections were primarily found in Apis cerana and raised interest in the last decade with the discovery of their presence in the European honey bee (Apis mellifera). Nosema spp. utilizes hosts’ energetic reserves for the purpose of propagation and disrupts the digestive processes of the bee. Nosemosis reduces the lifespan of a single bee and affects the performance of the colony. It also has an economic impact through the reduction in the honey and pollen yield of severely infected colonies or even causes them to collapse. Lack of effective therapy for nosemosis is of special concern and calls for scientific attention. Although N. ceranae and N. apis are similar in many aspects, there are important differences between them such as clinical signs of infection or the ability to resist low temperatures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrosporidian Activity of Plant Extracts on Nosema ceranae

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwa Kim ◽  
Jin Kyu Park ◽  
Jae Kwon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Microsporidian Species ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Artemisia Dubia ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

Abstract Nosemosis is one of the most common protozoan diseases of adult bees (Apis mellifera). Nosemosis is caused by two species of microsporidia; Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is potentially more dangerous because it has the ability to infect multiple cell types, and it is now the predominant microsporidian species in A. mellifera. In this study, we identified two anti-nosemosis plants, Aster scaber and Artemisia dubia, which reduced the spore development of N. ceranae in spore-infected cells. The most important aspect of our results was that our treatment was effective at non-toxic concentrations. Anti-nosemosis activities of both plants were revealed in honey bee experiments. Specifically, a mixed extract of both A. scaber and A. dubia showed stronger activity than treatment with each single extract alone. Although the mechanisms of action of A. scaber and A. dubia against N. ceranae are still unclear, our results suggest new medicaments and therapeutic methods to control N. ceranae infection.

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