scholarly journals Output Losses from Currency Crises and the Role of Central Bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Mahdi Yazdani ◽  
Mohammad Nikzad
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Currency Crises ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foreign Reserves ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Output Losses

Abstract Generally, one of the important issues related to currency crises is the output losses caused by these phenomena. In this study, determinants of output losses and particularly the role of the central bank will be evaluated during currency crises. Moreover, the paper tries to investigate the roles of macroeconomic variables and also monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies on the output losses during currency crises. In this regard, an econometric model with panel data has been used for emerging market countries during 1980-2016. The results show that currency crises accruing have a positive and significant effect on output losses. While the successful defence of central bank has had the negative effects on the output losses, but it is positive for the unsuccessful defence and the non-intervention or immediate depreciation. However, the role of the macroeconomic condition is important where total foreign reserves can be considered as a buffer against the output losses, while inflation and deviation of the real exchange rate from its trend have had positive effects on the output losses. Finally, the output losses can be reduced by an active monetary, fiscal and exchange rate policies.

scholarly journals Effects of Employee Sickness Presence on Customer Repurchase and Recommendation Intentions: The Role of Customer Affective Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Dietz ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sickness Presence ◽  
Organizational Consequences ◽  
Health Deterioration

AbstractSickness presence can have important individual and organizational consequences, such as health deterioration or productivity loss. Additional risks, such as negative customer reactions, may be particularly relevant in the service sector. Based on affective events theory and appraisal theories, we hypothesize that employee sickness presence negatively impacts customer repurchase and recommendation intentions. Furthermore, we explore potential affective mechanisms of these effects, including disease avoidance, personal anger, moral outrage, post-consumption guilt, and customer compassion for the employee. We conducted four studies, including three experimental vignette methodology studies (Ns = 227, 72, and 763) and a qualitative study (N = 54). In Study 1, employee sickness presence had negative effects on repurchase and recommendation intentions. Results of Study 2 show that customers experienced disgust, fear, anger, guilt, compassion, and indifference in response to sickness presence. In Study 3, anger explained the negative effects of employee sickness presence on repurchase and recommendation intentions, while appraisals of moral fairness were negatively related to both customer intentions. Finally, in Study 4, disgust and anger explained negative effects, while fear, guilt, and compassion explained positive effects of employee sickness presence on customer intentions. Appraisals of goal incongruence, reduced agency of the customer, and uncertainty were negatively related to customer intentions. The physical absence of the customer in the service encounter (phone call) mitigated the experience of disgust, fear, and anger, whereas it exacerbated feelings of compassion for the ill employee.

The effect of consumers' religiosity on consumer ethics: the mediating role of ethical ideology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Arli ◽  
Fandy Tjiptono
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Ethics ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Consumer Ethics Scale ◽  
The Impact

PurposeReligious doctrines generally encourage people to behave ethically. However, in daily life, individuals notice inconsistencies between religious beliefs and behavior, leading them to ask, in the context of commerce, why religious consumers would behave unethically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of consumers' intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on their ethical behavior. Specifically, the moderating effect of ethical ideology on the relationship between Indonesian consumers' religiosity and their ethics was examined by means of a survey.Design/methodology/approachThe data derived from the questionnaire were complemented by convenience samples of Indonesians living in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in central Java. The researchers distributed 600 questionnaires in two major shopping malls and several housing areas in the region, of which 467 were completed and returned, for an overall response rate of 77.8%.FindingsThe results indicated that the participants' intrinsic religiosity negatively impacted their ethical beliefs and was mediated by their idealistic ethical ideology. The present study also found that idealism had negative effects on three of the four dimensions of the consumer ethics scale (CES) (actively benefiting, passively benefiting and questionable behavior), while relativism had positive effects on two of the dimensions (passively benefiting and questionable behavior.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the present study was that the analysis did not distinguish among the religions practiced by the respondents to the questionnaire.Originality/valueThis is one of the first few studies investigating the mediating role of ethical ideology in a religious society. This study contributes to the literature on these issues in theoretical and managerial terms by extending the Hunt-Vitell theory (1986) to the context of consumer ethics.

scholarly journals Accessibility and attractiveness of primary care services in Algeria: Models of spatial interaction of the NHPF of the Eastern Health Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Nasreddine AISSAOUI ◽  
Said BRIKA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Eastern Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
The One ◽  
Financial Allocation

The restructuring of basic health care structures represented by public institutions nearby care in Algeria, according to Executive Decree 07/140 of 19 May 2007, could have effects both positive and negative: positive effects as we quote the approximation of diversified health services towards the citizen. As for the negative effects they live in ignorance of the real role of this kind of structure, namely the prevention in the broad sense of the term before the one of care. Among the results of our case study on the 7 wilayas of eastern Algeria, we noted: a small financial allocation and a shortage of medical and paramedical human resources, which have frozen the role of these NHPF, and which have favored the caregiver’s recourse to hospital emergencies. On the other hand, we have also noticed the sufficient number of these structures throughout all the communes of the country and their proximity to the living environments, despite the derisory number of services rendered, which were able to meet certain needs of the inhabitants.

Embracing supply base complexity: the contingency role of strategic purchasing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek Akın Ateş ◽  
Huriye Memiş
Keyword(s):  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Purchasing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically examine the moderating role of strategic purchasing on the relationship between supply base complexity (SBC) and purchasing performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 209 firms listed in the Capital Top 500 Firms of Turkey. Measurement properties were assessed via confirmatory factor analysis, and the conceptual model was tested via hierarchical regression analysis. A supplementary analysis based on 14 semi-structured interviews was conducted to provide further insights on the survey findings.FindingsRegarding structural SBC, the results suggest that horizontal complexity and supplier interaction improve purchasing performance, but only in firms with high strategic purchasing. By contrast, spatial complexity reduces purchasing performance in firms with high strategic purchasing, while supplier differentiation does not have any effect. Regarding dynamic SBC, the results show that both delivery complexity and supplier instability reduce purchasing performance when firms have low strategic purchasing. Interviews further suggest that firms with high strategic purchasing leverage the positive effects and mitigate the negative effects of SBC by having a long-term focus, considering multiple performance criteria and adopting advanced purchasing practices.Practical implicationsIn contrast to what is widely posited in the existing literature, the nuanced findings of this study reveal that complexity is not always detrimental. The results suggest that practitioners should aim for high levels of strategic purchasing to suppress the negative effects of SBC while leveraging its benefits.Originality/valueBy investigating the contingency role of strategic purchasing, this study provides novel insights into the under-investigated issue of how to best “manage” SBC.

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