scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Swatek
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Economic transformation in Central and Eastern European countries is a very complex process widely discussed in the literature on the subject. It has also become the subject of research and analyses of New Institutional Economics which pays attention to new aspects of transformation. From the NIE perspective, transformation is a long-lasting process of changes of formal institutions, especially property rights and contracts, and informal institutions, such as ethical standards, conventions, religious beliefs and mentality of society. The success of the transformation depends on the degree to which new formal rules correspond to informal rules existing in society. The assessment of the quality of Central and Eastern European countries leaves a lot to be desired; the highest level was achieved by the EU member states, whereas the republics of the former USSR are in the worst situation. The underlying causes of such diversified results of political transformations are disparate historical traditions connected with the market economy and unequal preparation of societies to exist both in the free market conditions and in the diversified political, social and economic situation.The improvement of governing quality is a priority in post-communist countries. Achieving a positive institutional effect requires much time and consistent actions, but from the time perspective it is crucial in order to enjoy economic success.

Remarks by Rauer Meyer

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
Rauer Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Department Of Commerce ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
East West

I shall address myself to controls on exports. And here, when the program talks about the “Legal Framework of East-West Trade,” it might more properly be called a “thicket” rather than a “framework.” At least ten pieces of legislation govern exports, but I shall focus on controls exercised by the Department of Commerce, since they affect the vast proportion of commodities in commercial transactions with the Communist countries. I shall not distinguish between the situation with regard to the People’s Republic of China and the Eastern European countries, because our published regulations make no such distinction.

An examination of emerging adulthood in Romanian college students

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Adult Roles

Little work has been done to examine emerging adulthood in Eastern European countries such as Romania that are making the transition out of communism into the broader free-market economy of Western Europe. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the criteria that college students in Romania have for adulthood, and (b) explore whether differences in adulthood criteria, achievement of those criteria, and identity development are related to variations in adult status (i.e., perceptions of being an adult coupled with taking on adult responsibilities). Participants included 230 Romanian young people (136 women, 94 men) aged 18—27 attending a university in Romania’s second largest city. Results found that (a) the majority of Romanian young people did not consider themselves to be adults; (b) issues related to relational maturity, financial independence, and norm compliance ranked as the most important criteria for adulthood; (c) there was pervasive optimism about the future, including careers, relationships, finances, and overall quality of life; and (d) findings regarding identity development differed according to the extent that young people perceived themselves to be adults and whether or not they had taken on adult roles.

Recent Changes in Suicide Rates in Selected Eastern European and Other European Countries

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Recent major political changes in Eastern European countries might have affected their suicide rates. For this article, suicide statistics available to the World Health Organization were used to compare data from eight Eastern European countries to those from seven countries in Northern or Western Europe. Comparisons were made between 1987 and 1991/92 data using total suicide rates for each country, rates by gender, and rates for the elderly (age 75 and older). The total rates indicated an increase in suicide in Eastern European countries and a decrease in other European countries. The ratio of male-to-female suicides in the Eastern European countries increased during this time as well, more than in other European countries. Among those over the age of 75, however, rates of suicide in Eastern European countries decreased; this pattern was less clear in the European countries chosen for comparison. The article discusses the role of economic, cultural, and health service factors affecting these trends.

scholarly journals Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Shady El Gewily ◽  
Anastasios Bardoutsos
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Recent Cohort

ObjectiveTo estimate smoking-attributable mortality in the long-term future in 29 European countries using a novel data-driven forecasting approach that integrates the wave pattern of the smoking epidemic and the cohort dimension.MethodsWe estimated and forecasted age-specific and age-standardised smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) and 95% projection intervals for 29 European countries by sex, 1950–2100, using age-period-cohort modelling with a generalised logit link function. We projected the (decelerating) period increases (women) by a quadratic curve to obtain future declines, and extrapolated the past period decline (men). In addition, we extrapolated the recent cohort trend.ResultsSAMF among men are projected to decline from, on average, 25% in 2014 (11% (Sweden)—41% (Hungary)) to 11% in 2040 (range: 6.3%–15.4%), 7% in 2065 (range: 5.9%–9.4%) and 6% in 2100. SAMF among women in 21 non-Eastern European countries, currently at an average of 16%, are projected to reach peak levels in 2013 (Northern Europe), 2019 (Western Europe), 2027 (Greece, Italy) and 2022 (Central Europe), with maximum levels of, on average, 17% (8% (Greece)—28% (Denmark)), and to decline to 10% in 2040 (range: 4%–20%), 5% in 2065 (range: 3.5%–7.6%) and 4% in 2100. For women, a short-term shift in the peak of the inverse U-shaped age pattern to higher ages is projected, and crossovers between the age-specific trends.ConclusionOur novel forecasting method enabled realistic estimates of the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic in Europe up to 2100. The high peak values in smoking-attributable mortality projected for women warrant attention.

scholarly journals Social representations of HIV/AIDS in five central European and eastern European countries: a multidimensional analysis

AIDS Care ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Goodwin ◽  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Alexandra Kozlova ◽  
Lan Anh Nguyen Luu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals EMERGING MODELS OF CAPITALISM IN POLAND AND THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF WESTERN EUROPE

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-327
Author(s):  
Mariusz Próchniak ◽  
Ryszard Rapacki ◽  
Juliusz Gardawski ◽  
Adam Czerniak ◽  
Bożena Horbaczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

scholarly journals Het beeld van Midden- en Oost-Europa in Nederlandse literaire non-fictie

Werkwinkel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Jo Sterckx
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Literary Nonfiction ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Over the last 20 years, literary nonfiction has become increasingly popular among the Dutch reading public. Thanks to increasing sales, translations and literary awards the genre achieved a strong position in Dutch literature. This article analyzes the image of Central and Eastern European countries in Dutch literary nonfiction of the last ten years (2004-14). It searches for characteristics of an orientalist and balkanist discourse and the presence of the imagological centre-periphery model in the works of Geert Mak, Jelle Brandt Corstius, Olaf Koens, Joop Verstraten and Jan Brokken. Contemporary Dutch literary nonfiction contains a euro-orientalist discourse. Characteristics such as underdevelopment, hedonism, obscurity and authenticity are projected on Central and Eastern Europe, which is put in the periphery of Western Europe.

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