scholarly journals Homosexuality and HIV/AIDS prevention: the challenge of transferring lessons learned from Western Europe to Central and Eastern European Countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

Recent Changes in Suicide Rates in Selected Eastern European and Other European Countries

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Recent major political changes in Eastern European countries might have affected their suicide rates. For this article, suicide statistics available to the World Health Organization were used to compare data from eight Eastern European countries to those from seven countries in Northern or Western Europe. Comparisons were made between 1987 and 1991/92 data using total suicide rates for each country, rates by gender, and rates for the elderly (age 75 and older). The total rates indicated an increase in suicide in Eastern European countries and a decrease in other European countries. The ratio of male-to-female suicides in the Eastern European countries increased during this time as well, more than in other European countries. Among those over the age of 75, however, rates of suicide in Eastern European countries decreased; this pattern was less clear in the European countries chosen for comparison. The article discusses the role of economic, cultural, and health service factors affecting these trends.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Janssen ◽  
Shady El Gewily ◽  
Anastasios Bardoutsos
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Recent Cohort

ObjectiveTo estimate smoking-attributable mortality in the long-term future in 29 European countries using a novel data-driven forecasting approach that integrates the wave pattern of the smoking epidemic and the cohort dimension.MethodsWe estimated and forecasted age-specific and age-standardised smoking-attributable mortality fractions (SAMF) and 95% projection intervals for 29 European countries by sex, 1950–2100, using age-period-cohort modelling with a generalised logit link function. We projected the (decelerating) period increases (women) by a quadratic curve to obtain future declines, and extrapolated the past period decline (men). In addition, we extrapolated the recent cohort trend.ResultsSAMF among men are projected to decline from, on average, 25% in 2014 (11% (Sweden)—41% (Hungary)) to 11% in 2040 (range: 6.3%–15.4%), 7% in 2065 (range: 5.9%–9.4%) and 6% in 2100. SAMF among women in 21 non-Eastern European countries, currently at an average of 16%, are projected to reach peak levels in 2013 (Northern Europe), 2019 (Western Europe), 2027 (Greece, Italy) and 2022 (Central Europe), with maximum levels of, on average, 17% (8% (Greece)—28% (Denmark)), and to decline to 10% in 2040 (range: 4%–20%), 5% in 2065 (range: 3.5%–7.6%) and 4% in 2100. For women, a short-term shift in the peak of the inverse U-shaped age pattern to higher ages is projected, and crossovers between the age-specific trends.ConclusionOur novel forecasting method enabled realistic estimates of the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic in Europe up to 2100. The high peak values in smoking-attributable mortality projected for women warrant attention.

scholarly journals Social representations of HIV/AIDS in five central European and eastern European countries: a multidimensional analysis

AIDS Care ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Goodwin ◽  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Alexandra Kozlova ◽  
Lan Anh Nguyen Luu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals EMERGING MODELS OF CAPITALISM IN POLAND AND THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF WESTERN EUROPE

2017 ◽  
pp. 313-327
Author(s):  
Mariusz Próchniak ◽  
Ryszard Rapacki ◽  
Juliusz Gardawski ◽  
Adam Czerniak ◽  
Bożena Horbaczewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

scholarly journals Het beeld van Midden- en Oost-Europa in Nederlandse literaire non-fictie

Werkwinkel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Jo Sterckx
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Literary Nonfiction ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Over the last 20 years, literary nonfiction has become increasingly popular among the Dutch reading public. Thanks to increasing sales, translations and literary awards the genre achieved a strong position in Dutch literature. This article analyzes the image of Central and Eastern European countries in Dutch literary nonfiction of the last ten years (2004-14). It searches for characteristics of an orientalist and balkanist discourse and the presence of the imagological centre-periphery model in the works of Geert Mak, Jelle Brandt Corstius, Olaf Koens, Joop Verstraten and Jan Brokken. Contemporary Dutch literary nonfiction contains a euro-orientalist discourse. Characteristics such as underdevelopment, hedonism, obscurity and authenticity are projected on Central and Eastern Europe, which is put in the periphery of Western Europe.

scholarly journals Institutional competitiveness of Central and Eastern European countries and the inflow of foreign direct investments

Catallaxy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Magdalena Owczarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Motivation: Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) in spite of a long period of European Union membership and integration with the developed economies of Western Europe are still on the path of convergence, i.e. pursuing the highly developed countries in terms of, among others, GDP per capita. Assuming that the FDI inflow carries numerous benefits for the economic growth of the recipient country, those economies still compete against one another for foreign capital. One of the factors that attracts FDI is high quality of institutional surrounding. Aim: assessment of institutional competitiveness of the selected CEE countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary) as well as verification of the relationship between institutional competitiveness and the FDI inflow to the analyzed economies. Materials and methods: The article reviews positions obtained by the selected CEE countries in the ranking of competitiveness published by Global Economic Forum (Global Competitiveness Report). The analysis and assessment of CEE countries competitiveness focused around the institutional quality assessment. Quantitatively, the connection was revealed between competitiveness ranking in the field of institutions and FDI inflow per capita and FDI as % of GDP to the economies under consideration. Results: the analysis of the global competitiveness index (GCI) allows to notice that among the CEE countries, Estonia is characterized with the highest institutional competitiveness. The detailed analysis indicated that low social capital quality decreases institutional competitiveness in case of all analyzed economies. The conducted quantitative analysis of the potential link between the GCI?Pillar 1. Institutions index and the inflow of foreign direct investments to CEE countries indicates the positive correlation of those variables. Higher index values (institution quality assessment) corresponds to the higher FDI per capita level and FDI calculated as GDP percentage.

Exclusion of Muslims in Eastern Europe and Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis of Anti-Muslim Attitudes in France, Norway, Poland and Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
David Andreas Bell ◽  
Zan Strabac
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Eastern European Countries

There are worrying signs of rising intolerance towards Muslim immigrants in the majority of European societies. We use data from the 2014/2015 wave of European Social Survey to analyse negative attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in France, Norway, Poland and the Czech Republic. Results of the analyses reveal that both levels and determinants of the anti-Muslim attitudes vary greatly. The levels are highest in Czech Republic and Poland, the two countries that have a very low Muslim population. Nevertheless, contact with immigrants reduces hostility toward Muslims also in these two countries. We find that theoretical approaches commonly used in studies of anti-immigrant attitudes are better suited to explain negative attitudes in Western European than in Eastern European countries. We argue that future research on hostility toward immigrants in Europe should focus more on Eastern European countries, as attitudes toward immigrants in several of these are worryingly negative.

Airy Curtains

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 158-179
Author(s):  
Christian Henrich-Franke
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Radio Free Europe ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War, the infrastructural connections between the Western and the Eastern part of Europe were subsequently cut. The sealing of the passages through the Iron Curtain did not, however, succeed entirely. One increasingly important breach was generated by radio frequencies, which carried broadcasting programs, for example, from Radio Free Europe, straight across the Iron Curtain. This paper analyses the negotiations on the broadcasting map of Europe by focusing on the broadcasting conference of Geneva 1974/75, which moved the “Airy Curtains” much more westward. Three factors explain the Eastern European success. First, Eastern European delegations followed a coordinated strategy in contrast to the Western European ones. Second, the hierarchical ussr leadership made sure that the Eastern European countries stuck to their strategy, whereas Western European countries preferred to depend on themselves. Third, the Eastern bloc let politics and politicians rule, while in Western Europe, to the contrary, frequency allocation was a battle that was largely fought by technicians. The gap between the “political East” and the “technical West” was an important advantage for the East. Focus in this article is put on the radio stations which were situated in Berlin because the city was an important bridgehead for Western broadcasters on socialist territory.

scholarly journals In Search of Originality in Central and Eastern European Legal Culture Culture(s). 4th Annual CEENELS Conference: Legal Innovativeness in Central and Eastern Europe, Moscow, 14–15 June 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Piotr Szymaniec
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
The Us ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper describes the debates which took place during the 4th Annual CEENELS Conference (Moscow, 14–15 June 2019). The aim of the conference was to analyse the issue of legal innovativeness in Central and Eastern Europe, the topic which was chosen as a continuation of previous CEENELS conferences. The organizers wanted to challenge the widespread belief that the legal culture of Central and Eastern Europe lacks original and innovative concepts and ideas. Even if the conference did not bring a definitive answer about the character of Central and Eastern European countries’ legal culture, it showed that the region is not only a territory of legal transplants and reception of legal ideas, concepts and institutions, created in Western Europe or the US.

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