scholarly journals Single Pot Benzylation of O-Xylene with Benzyl Chloride and Benzyl Alcohol Over Pillared Montmorillonites

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Kurian ◽  
S. Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Product Selectivity ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonites ◽  
Clay Catalysts

Abstract Improvement of product selectivity is a major concern of the day. Presence of a coreactant can alter the rate as well as product selectivity of many key reactions like Friedel-Crafts benzylation. Single pot benzylation of o-xylene with benzyl chloride and benzyl alcohol was studied over transition metal exchanged pillared clay catalysts. Complete conversion of benzyl alcohol occured within one hour with 100% monoalkylated product selectivity. The reaction of o-xylene with benzyl alcohol was found to proceed fast in presence of benzyl chloride in single pot, than when present alone as the benzylating species. This enhancement occurs at the expense of no reaction of benzyl chloride, which when present alone reacts faster than benzyl alcohol. Existence of a second transition metal exchanged between the pillars increased the rate of the reaction. A detailed investigation of the reaction variables suggested preferential adsorption of benzyl alcohol to catalyst active sites as the reason.

Defect engineering and characterization of active sites for efficient electrocatalysis

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3327-3345
Author(s):  
Xuecheng Yan ◽  
Linzhou Zhuang ◽  
Zhonghua Zhu ◽  
Xiangdong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Metal Free

This review highlights recent advancements in defect engineering and characterization of both metal-free carbons and transition metal-based electrocatalysts.

Promoted photocarriers transfer and increased active sites for optimal CO2–to–CH4 photoconversion via the modification of atomically dispersed transition metal ions in CdZnS nanocrystals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Huang ◽  
Hui-Ying Zhang ◽  
Feng-Ying Cai ◽  
Y Li ◽  
Jian Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Co2 Photoreduction

Atomically dispersed transition metal ions doped CdZnS nanocrystals were synthesized to delicately tune the selectivity of CO2 photoreduction towards CH4, by which the CZS–Cu2+ achieved an excellent CO2–to–CH4 conversion rate...

scholarly journals The Effect of Iron Impurities on Transition Metal Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Environment: Activity Mediators or Active Sites?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Spanos ◽  
Justus Masa ◽  
Aleksandar Zeradjanin ◽  
Robert Schlögl
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysts ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Model Transition

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on elucidating the actual role of Fe impurities in alkaline water electrolysis, acting either as reactivity mediators or as co-catalysts through synergistic interaction with the main catalyst material. This perspective summarizes the most prominent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms mostly for Ni-based oxides as model transition metal catalysts and highlights the effect of Fe incorporation on the catalyst surface in the form of impurities originating from the electrolyte or co-precipitated in the catalyst lattice, in modulating the OER reaction kinetics, mechanism and stability. Graphic Abstract

Facile growth of transition metal hydroxide nanosheets on porous nickel foam for efficient electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (19) ◽  
pp. 7825-7830
Author(s):  
Liying Ming ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Wu ◽  
Sa-Sa Wang ◽  
Weiming Wu ◽  
Can-Zhong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Metal Hydroxide ◽  
Porous Nickel ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Electrodeposition Method

Porous transition metal hydroxide nanosheet/Ni foam electrodes were prepared by a facile electrodeposition method for efficient electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol.

Advancing the extended roles of 3D transition metal based heterostructures with copious active sites for electrocatalytic water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (38) ◽  
pp. 13176-13200
Author(s):  
Kannimuthu Karthick ◽  
Selvasundarasekar Sam Sankar ◽  
Sangeetha Kumaravel ◽  
Arun Karmakar ◽  
Ragunath Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
Metal Phosphides

This review highlights the importance of 3D transition metal based heterostructures with improved active sites for metal hydroxides, LDHs, oxides, sulfides and metal phosphides and the influencing roles of 3D foams in water splitting.

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