The Effect of Automatic vs. Reflective Emotions on Cognitive Control in Antisaccade Tasks and the Emotional Stroop Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil K. Imbir ◽  
Maria T. Jarymowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect ◽  
Basic Determinant

Abstract The article presents two studies based on the assumption that the effectiveness of cognitive control depends on the subject’s type of emotional state. Inhibitory control is taken into account, as the basic determinant of the antisaccade reactions and the emotional Stroop effect. The studies deal with differentiation of emotions on the basis of their origin: automatic (due to primary affective reactions) vs. reflective (due to deliberative evaluation). According to the main assumption, automatic emotions are diffusive, and decrease the effectiveness of cognitive control. The hypothesis predicted that performance level of both the Antisaccade Task and the Emotional Stroop Test would be lower in the automaticemotion eliciting condition than in the reflective-emotion eliciting condition. In two experimental studies, positive and negative (automatic vs. reflective) emotions were elicited. The results support the predictions, regardless of the valence of emotions.

P2-295: Prototypical emotional Stroop effect in the onset of Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P367-P367
Author(s):  
Molka Snoussi ◽  
Mohamed Rebaî ◽  
Didier Hannequin ◽  
Thibault Simon ◽  
Heidi Charvin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect

scholarly journals Word Wins Over Face: Emotional Stroop Effect Activates the Frontal Cortical Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Ovaysikia ◽  
Khalid A. Tahir ◽  
Jason L. Chan ◽  
Joseph F. X. DeSouza
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect

scholarly journals Antisaccade Deficits in Schizophrenia Can Be Driven by Attentional Relevance of the Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bansal ◽  
John M Gaspar ◽  
Benjamin M Robinson ◽  
Carly J Leonard ◽  
Britta Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Relevant Stimulus ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Control Subjects

Abstract The antisaccade task is considered a test of cognitive control because it creates a conflict between the strong bottom-up signal produced by the cue and the top-down goal of shifting gaze to the opposite side of the display. Antisaccade deficits in schizophrenia are thought to reflect impaired top-down inhibition of the prepotent bottom-up response to the cue. However, the cue is also a highly task-relevant stimulus that must be covertly attended to determine where to shift gaze. We tested the hypothesis that difficulty in overcoming the attentional relevance of the cue, rather than its bottom-up salience, is key in producing impaired performance in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). We implemented 3 versions of the antisaccade task in which we varied the bottom-up salience of the cue while holding its attentional relevance constant. We found that difficulty in performing a given antisaccade task—relative to a prosaccade version using the same stimuli—was largely independent of the cue’s bottom-up salience. The magnitude of impairment in PSZ relative to control subjects was also independent of bottom-up salience. The greatest impairment was observed in a version where the cue lacked bottom-up salience advantage over other locations. These results indicate that the antisaccade deficit in PSZ does not reflect an impairment in overcoming bottom-up salience of the cue, but PSZ are instead impaired at overcoming its attentional relevance. This deficit may still indicate an underlying inhibitory control impairment but could also reflect a hyperfocusing of attentional resources on the cue.

Words may not be enough! No increased emotional Stroop effect in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Benny-Kristin Fischer ◽  
Birgit Hottenrott ◽  
Michael Kellner ◽  
Susanne Fricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect

Neural basis of the emotional Stroop interference effect in major depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Mitterschiffthaler ◽  
S. C. R. Williams ◽  
N. D. Walsh ◽  
A. J. Cleare ◽  
C. Donaldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect

BackgroundA mood-congruent sensitivity towards negative stimuli has been associated with development and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). The emotional Stroop task assesses interference effects arising from the conflict of emotional expressions consistent with disorder-specific self-schemata and cognitive colour-naming instructions. Functional neuroimaging studies of the emotional Stroop effect advocate a critical involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during these processes.MethodSubjects were 17 medication-free individuals with unipolar MDD in an acute depressive episode (mean age 39 years), and 17 age-, gender- and IQ-matched healthy volunteers. In an emotional Stroop task, sad and neutral words were presented in various colours, and subjects were required to name the colour of words whilst undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Overt verbal responses were acquired with a clustered fMRI acquisition sequence.ResultsIndividuals with depression showed greater increases in response time from neutral to sad words relative to controls. fMRI data showed a significant engagement of left rostral ACC (BA 32) and right precuneus during sad words in patients relative to controls. Additionally, rostral ACC activation was positively correlated with latencies of negative words in MDD patients. Healthy controls did not have any regions of increased activation compared to MDD patients.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for a behavioural and neural emotional Stroop effect in MDD and highlight the importance of the ACC during monitoring of conflicting cognitive processes and mood-congruent processing in depression.

The locus of the emotional Stroop effect: A study with the PRP paradigm

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Janczyk ◽  
Susanne Augst ◽  
Wilfried Kunde
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect ◽  
Prp Paradigm
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