scholarly journals Biomass Waste Processing into Artificial Humic Substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 631-639
Author(s):  
Maris Klavins ◽  
Linda Ansone-Bertina ◽  
Lauris Arbidans ◽  
Linards Klavins

Abstract To address the biomass waste processing problem and transform it into refractory forms of carbon, recently suggested hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass in alkaline environment can be considered as a prospective and climate neutral approach. Biomass HTC provides possibilities to obtain form of biochar (hydrochar) and artificial humic substances, however the conditions of the HTC have not been much studied. Optimization by Response Surface Methodology of the HTC using microwave treatment with three experimental variables (treatment temperature, length of microwave treatment, amount of biomass per volume) provides the possibility to significantly increase the yield of humic substances at the same time reducing the duration of the treatment. However, with an increase in the yield of humic substances, the yield of hydrochar decreases, thus supporting possibilities to obtain most needed biomass waste processing product.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. H. Siddiqui ◽  
Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽  
N. M. Mubarak ◽  
Khaula Shirin ◽  
Muhammad Aijaz ◽  
...  

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2385-2405
Author(s):  
Seyed Eshagh Ebadi ◽  
Zaidon Ashaari ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid

Physical properties are one of the ‎drawbacks of oil palm wood ‎‎(OPW) and they need to ‎be ‎improved via an appropriate method. The ‎response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite ‎design (CCD) was used to evaluate and optimize the parameters of a hydrothermal treatment ‎and to create an ‎empirical model of the mass loss (ML, %), equilibrium moisture ‎content ‎‎(EMC, %), and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE24h, %)‎‏ ‏responses‎. This ‎study focused on the ‎effect of ‎hydrothermal treatment (HTT) ‎in ‎buffer solutions to control the ‎destructive effects of ‎released ‎acids ‎caused by the degradation of ‎hemicellulose acetyl groups‏.‏‎ A CCD, as ‎the most common RSM design, was applied with three treatment factors including the ‎buffer solutions ‎‎(acidic, neutral, ‎and alkaline with pH of 5 to 8), temperature (80 to 140 ‎‎°С), ‎time (40 to ‎‎‎120 ‎min), and a total of 20 ‎experiments‎.‎‏ ‏‎The results ‎showed that the ‎effect of the treatment temperature ‎was more notable ‎than time. The medium acidity (pH) variations in HTT can lead ‎to ‎the removal of ‎extractives and starch, hemicelluloses ‎hydrolysis‎, ‎the ‎destruction of the parenchymal cells wall, and ‎weight loss. Based on the variance analysis, the ‎quadratic and linear models proved to be highly significant with ‎minimal probability values (< 0.0001). The optimum conditions ‎predicted for the HTT were a pH of 7.3, a temperature of ‎112.7 ‎°С, and ‎a‏ ‏time of ‎109.6 ‎min.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Agus Prasetya ◽  
Halomoan Siagian ◽  
Felix Arie Setiawan ◽  
Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, S.T., M.E, D.Eng.

Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) are two amongst many prominent biomass sources from West Papua, Indonesia. With their versatile characteristics, merbau and matoa wood are used in many industries such as furniture, music instrument, and many other specialty products. However, wood processing industries can emit up to 60% of the residue. In this study, the usage of both merbau and matoa sawdust wastes as solid fuel was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). merbau and matoa sawdust are sieved to get the desired particle size (-20+50 mesh). Two kinds of the sawdust are then mixed in various compositions (70, 50, and 30% merbau).  The mixed sawdust is then mixed with varied sticky starch solutions (1, 5, and 10%) to be formed in pellets with various moulding compression force (50, 100, and 150 kg/cm²). The pellets are then analyzed for its characteristics such as ash, moisture contents, and calorific value to be compared with its initial conditions. A full three-level factorial design under RSM was applied to explain the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that statistically, merbau content, binder content, and compressive force showed relatively significant effects on the studied responses (ash content, moisture content, and calorific value). In addition, ANOVA analysis proved that each variable has significant effects on the responses that are confirmed by practically zero P-value. The coefficient of determinations (R²) are all above 0.96 and the normal probability plots confirm that the proposed models adequate the experimental results.Keywords: biomass waste; densification; merbau; matoa; RSM A B S T R A KMerbau (Intsia bijuga) dan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forster) adalah dua di antara sumber biomassa potensial yang berasal dari Papua Barat, Indonesia. Dengan karakteristiknya yang serbaguna, merbau dan matoa digunakan di banyak industri seperti furnitur, alat musik, dan banyak produk khusus lainnya. Namun, industri pengolahan kayu dapat menghasilkan hingga 60% residu. Di Pada penelitian ini, pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa sebagai bahan bakar padat dipelajari dengan menggunakan response surface method (RSM). Serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa diayak untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang diinginkan (-20+50 mesh). Dua jenis serbuk gergaji kemudian dicampur dalam berbagai komposisi (70, 50, dan 30% merbau). Serbuk gergaji yang sudah tercampur kemudian dicampur dengan bahan perekat yang bervariasi larutan pati (1, 5, dan 10%) untuk dibentuk dalam pelet dengan berbagai gaya tekan cetakan (50, 100, dan 150 kg/cm²). Pelet kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya seperti abu, kadar air, dan nilai kalor untuk dibandingkan dengan kondisi awalnya. Sebuah desain RSM tiga faktorial penuh diterapkan untuk menjelaskan korelasi antara variabel independen dan variabel terikat. Secara statistik, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar merbau, kadar pengikat, dan gaya tekan menunjukkan efek yang relatif signifikan pada respons yang dipelajari (abu kadar air, kadar air, dan nilai kalor). Selain itu, analisis ANOVA membuktikan bahwa masing-masing variabel memiliki efek signifikan pada tanggapan yang dikonfirmasi oleh nilai P yang mendekati nol. Koefisien determinasi (R²) seluruhnya berada di atas 0,96 dan grafik probabilitas normal mengonfirmasi bahwa model yang diusulkan cukup sesuai dengan hasil eksperimen.Kata kunci: limbah biomassa; densifikasi; merbau; matoa; RSM


2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2166-2170
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Zou ◽  
Zhi Hong Zhang ◽  
Shi Ying Liu ◽  
Ping Luo

Response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to optimize the preparation process of La-Ce-Palygorskite catalysts for NO decomposition. The method of three-factors-three-levels central composition experiments were designed. The pH value of the chemical blending, ratio of La/Ce and calcination treatment temperature of the catalysts were chosen as casual factors. With RSM, the effects of these 3 factors on the response value was investigated. It has been found that the most active La-Ce-Palygorskite catalyst for NO decomposition can be prepared when the rare earth content, La:Ce, pH value of the chemical blending and calcination treatment temperature were 2%, LaxCe(1-x)(x=0.55), 6.5 and 409 °C, respectively. The denitration rate of the catalyst could be up to 66.58% under reaction conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Faiçal El Ouadrhiri ◽  
Majda Elyemni ◽  
Amal Lahkimi ◽  
Abdelhadi Lhassani ◽  
Mehdi Chaouch ◽  
...  

Providing efficient and environmental friendly ways to recover lignocellulosic waste remains a challenge around the world. In this study, citric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (CHTC) was coupled with pyrolysis to convert date seed (Ds) into adsorbent material. In this regard, a central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to examine the influence of temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on the mass yield (Ym(%)) and carbon retention rate (CRR(%)) in the produced hydrochars. The optimized hydrochar (OHC-Ds) was obtained under optimal conditions (200°C, 120 min, 20 mg) and characterized by a Ym(%) and CRR(%) of 59.71% and 75.84%, respectively. Chemical activation by KOH of OHC-Ds followed by pyrolysis at 600°C resulted in an active material (AOHC-Ds) rich in carbon and characterized by a high specific surface area of 1251.5 m2/g, with the dominance of mesopores, as well as an amorphous structure comparable to graphite shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Adsorption experiments of two dyes on AOHC-Ds showed a high maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 657.89 mg g−1 for methylene blue (MB) and 384.61 mg g−1 for methyl orange (MO) compared to other conventional adsorbents. This result is due to the low acidity (pHpzc) of the surface of AOHC-Ds, which equals 6.75, and its surface, which is also rich in oxygenated functional groups such as (-OH), (C=O), and (C-O) shown by FTIR analysis. These results suggest that the coupling of CHTC and KOH activation followed by pyrolysis is an encouraging way to prepare an efficient and inexpensive adsorbent to remove dyes in wastewater.


Semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa Scortechinii) was hydrothermally treated in three different buffered media, namely alkaline, neutral and acidic medium. Response surface methodology (RSM) models were developed for the influences of treatment temperature, treatment duration and pH of buffered media on dimensional stability of Semantan bamboo. The models suggested that treatment temperature is the most crucial factor that led to improvement in dimensional stability. Lengthened treatment time also exerted noticeable influence when the temperature remained constant. More dimensionally stable samples were obtained in neutral and alkaline media.


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