Sensors and Systems for the Detection of Explosive Devices - An Overview

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Bielecki ◽  
Jacek Janucki ◽  
Adam Kawalec ◽  
Janusz Mikołajczyk ◽  
Norbert Pałka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Explosive Material ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Explosive Devices ◽  
Radiation Sensors

Sensors and Systems for the Detection of Explosive Devices - An Overview The paper presents analyses of current research projects connected with explosive material sensors. Sensors are described assigned to X and γ radiation, optical radiation sensors, as well as detectors applied in gas chromatography, electrochemical and chemical sensors. Furthermore, neutron techniques and magnetic resonance devices were analyzed. Special attention was drawn to optoelectronic sensors of explosive devices.

scholarly journals Diacetylene-Based Colorimetric Radiation Sensors for the Detection and Measurement of γ Radiation during Blood Irradiation

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (14) ◽  
pp. 9482-9491
Author(s):  
Apoorva Mittal ◽  
Shalini Verma ◽  
Gopishankar Natanasabapathi ◽  
Pratik Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Blood Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Sensors

Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric characterization of lipids in corn suspension cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis James. Ashworth ◽  
Douglas Owen. Adams ◽  
Benjamin Yunwen. Giang ◽  
Michael Tung Hai. Cheng ◽  
Rino Yul. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Comparison of hydrogenolysis with thioacidolysis for lignin structural analysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. van de Pas ◽  
Bernadette Nanayakkara ◽  
Ian D. Suckling ◽  
Kirk M. Torr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Mild hydrogenolysis has been compared with thioacidolysis as a method for degrading lignins in situ and in isolated form before analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Both degradation methods gave similar levels of β-aryl ether-linked phenylpropane units that were released as monomers. Degradation by hydrogenolysis generally gave lower levels of total phenylpropane units when analyzed by 31P NMR, especially in the case of lignins with high levels of condensed units. Overall, these results indicate that mild hydrogenolysis could offer an alternative to thioacidolysis for probing lignin structure.

Syntheses of methyl glycosides of 6-deoxyheptoses

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald O. Aspinall ◽  
Armando G. McDonald ◽  
Ramesh K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Diisobutylaluminum Hydride ◽  
Carbohydrate Polymers ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Resonance Data ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Methyl α-D-glycopyranosides of 6-deoxy-D-altro-heptose, 6-deoxy-D-manno-heptose, and 6-deoxy-D-talo-heptose have been prepared. Displacements of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzylhexopyranoside 6-trifluoromethanesulfonates with potassium cyanide, followed by reduction of the resulting heptopyranosidurononitriles with diisobutylaluminum hydride, hydrolysis of the imine, further reduction with sodium borohydride, and catalytic O-debenzylation, give the corresponding methyl 6-deoxyheptopyranosides. Configurational change at C-4 of methyl 6-deoxy-7-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-α-D-manno-heptopyranoside to give the talo isomer was effected by oxidation followed by stereoselective reduction. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data of the glycosides, and gas chromatography of acetylated glycosides of (R)- and (S)-2-butanol serve to establish ring and enantiomeric configurations of the parent sugars when these are encountered as constituents of lipopolysaccharides or extracellular carbohydrate polymers, as in Campylobacter species.

Identification of Polychlorobiphenyls by High Resolution Proton Magnetic Resonance

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1103
Author(s):  
K D Bartle
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chlorine Atoms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectra

Abstract Mass spectrometry allows the number of chlorine atoms per polychlorobiphenyl molecule to be determined but not the positions of substitution. A method of identifying PCB components from high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra is illustrated by application to 2,5,2′,5′-tetrachloro- and 2,3,4,2′,4′,- 5′-hexachlorobiphenyls separated by gas chromatography from a commercial PCB mixture.

scholarly journals Highly selective detection of methanol over ethanol by a handheld gas sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van den Broek ◽  
S. Abegg ◽  
S. E. Pratsinis ◽  
A. T. Güntner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Proof Of Concept

Abstract Methanol poisoning causes blindness, organ failure or even death when recognized too late. Currently, there is no methanol detector for quick diagnosis by breath analysis or for screening of laced beverages. Typically, chemical sensors cannot distinguish methanol from the much higher ethanol background. Here, we present an inexpensive and handheld sensor for highly selective methanol detection. It consists of a separation column (Tenax) separating methanol from interferants like ethanol, acetone or hydrogen, as in gas chromatography, and a chemoresistive gas sensor (Pd-doped SnO2 nanoparticles) to quantify the methanol concentration. This way, methanol is measured within 2 min from 1 to 1000 ppm without interference of much higher ethanol levels (up to 62,000 ppm). As a proof-of-concept, we reliably measure methanol concentrations in spiked breath samples and liquor. This could enable the realization of highly selective sensors in emerging applications such as breath analysis or air quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Needle, Cone, and Branch Oils From Vietnamese Pinus cernua

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Hui Thai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hien ◽  
Le Ngoc Diep ◽  
Mathieu Paoli ◽  
Joseph Casanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Pine Species

Conifers are well represented in Vietnam where a new pine species has been recently discovered in Son La province: Pinus cernua, synonym P. armandii ssp. xuannhaensis. The compositions of needle, cone, and branch oils have been investigated by gas chromatography (retention index), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Myrcene (47.0%) was the main component of needle oil, followed by β-pinene (28.4%) and α-pinene (12.5%). Branch oil also contained myrcene (32.8%), α-pinene (17.9%), β-pinene (9.8%), and a high content of limonene (20.0%). Finally, cone oil displayed α-pinene (44.1%) beside myrcene (11.5%), β-pinene (8.1%), and limonene (5.8%).

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